Chapter 2 vocab
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| Nutrients | chemical substances that provide nourishment to the body
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| Per capita | per unit of population
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| pig | Most important meat source
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| Poultry meat production rate | growing 3% annually
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| Total world milk production rate | increasing about 2% per year
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| Dairy products | What supplies the major source of fat in human diets?
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| Metric tons (MT) | approximately 1.1 U.S. tons. Equal to 1 million grams or 1000 kilograms
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| Essential fatty acids | fatty acids required in the diet
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| By-products | substances and products remaining that still have value even after the products of greatest value get removed
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| Liver | What organ meat is most widely used?
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| 83% | Approximately how much milk comes from cattle?
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| Ghee | clarified liquid butter
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| dairying | What is a very efficient means of converting animal feed to people food?
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| chickens | What animal produces the most eggs for human consumption?
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| Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) | largest autonomous agency within United Nations system. It works to alleviate poverty and hunger by promoting agricultural development
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| Nutrient density | measurement of the nutrients found in a food compared to the calorie content
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| meat | In developed countries, what accounts for the largest share of food cost?
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| Body coverings | What are the most important products from some animals?
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| Hides/skins | In poor countries, what is the most valuable animal export product that may provide valuable foreign currency?
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| Mohair and cashmere | What are the two types of body coverings goats yield that used for making fabrics?
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| Mohair | What is clipped from the Angora goat each year?
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| Cashmere(pashmina) | What is the very fine underfur of the Kashmir goat?
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| Karakul and Kuche | What are the fur-bearing breeds of sheep?
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| Silk | What material is important in production agriculture in China, India,and Uzbekistan?
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| Machines | In developed agriculture, what provides most farms their power
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| Draft | to move loads by drawing or pulling. A draft animal is one that is used to draw or pull loads
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| 50% | In developing countries, how much land is tilled by draft animals?
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| Compost | decayed organic matter used for fertilizing land
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| Manure | What do farmers use to improve soil texture?
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| Manure | What is used in developed countries as a source of fertility
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| 5% | What percent of U.S. cropland is fertilized with livestock manure?
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| Fuel | In developing areas of the world, what is manure used as?
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| Cow and/or buffalo manure | What do people from Africa and Asia use as plaster for their huts?
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| Poultice | a soft, moist mass held between layers of cloth,(usually warm) and applied to some area of the body
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| Urine | What is used to enhance soil fertility in many parts of the world due to its nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium content?
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| Grazing animals | What is used to control vegetation?
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| Ducks | What are used in rice fields after harvest to pick up missed grain and reduce insect populations?
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| Pesticides | any agent or poison used to destroy pests including fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, and rodenticides
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| Livestock | What do people in developing countries use for storing their surplus capital?
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| Animals | What represents one of the most reliable reserve food supplies in many countries of the world?
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| Combined animal recreation events | In developing regions, what represents the largest source of entertainment for people?
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| True | Animals play an important role in the traditional way that formal contracts are sealed and social obligations met.
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| Pet foods and livestock feeds | What are many inedible meat products used for?
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| Animals | What have been used extensively as models in biomedical research?
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| Recombinant DNA | DNA molecules that have had new genetic material inserted into them; product and tool of genetic engineering
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| Xenotransplantation | transplanting of animal organs into humans
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| Animal agriculture | What is a highly specialized means of using land and labor to generate earnings
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| Animals | What does developing-country agriculture depend on for income?
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| greater than $110 billion | What are annual cash receipts from animal agriculture?
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| Controlling pests, using alley-cropping systems where leguminous trees are planted in strips with animals and crops alternated between them; and providing alternative use in tree cropping systems | What vital roles do domestic animals play in land and water conservation practices?
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| Companion animal | an animal to whom an owner has an intense emotionally tie
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| Contract grower | producers who contract with an organization to produce a product for a price determined through a contractile arrangement
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| Economy of size | a relatively simple concept revolving around the maximization of the use of equipment, labor, and other costly items
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| Farrow | In swine, term used to indicate giving birth
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| Feeder pig | generally thought of as a pig weighing between 30 and 90 lbs.; some regional difference in this range
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| Feedlot | area where livestock gets fed
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| Grain-fed beef | meat from cattle that have undergone a significant grain feeding
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| Finishing phase | final feeding stage when animals are readied for market
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| Forage | fiber-containing feeds like grass or hay; can be grazed or harvested for feeding
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| Milk | normal secretion of the mammary
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| Mohair | fiber produced by Angora goat
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| Nursery pig | term often used to indicate an early-weaned pig of light weight that is housed in special, environmentally controlled nursery facilities
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| Nutrient | a chemical substance that provides nourishment to the body;essential nutrients are those necessary for normal maintenance, growth and functioning
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| Nutrient density | measurement of the essential nutrients found in a food compared to the calorie content of the food
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| Seed stock | broodstock intended for future production
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| Stocker calf | weaned calf being grown prior to placement in a feedlot for finishing
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| Vertical integration | the control of two adjacent stages stages in the vertical marketing channel from producers to consumers
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| Xeno-transplantation | transplanting animal organs into humans
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