Test 2- Things
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| Steerage | the most basic and cheapest accommodations on a steamship
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| Ellis Island | served as the processing center for many of the immigrants arriving on the Est Coast after 1892
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| Angel Island | Cal. opened a barracks to accommodate the Asian immigrants
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| Nativism | is an extreme dislike for foreigners by native-orn people and a desire to limit immigration
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| Chinese Exclusion Act | the law that barred chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented the chinese already in the country from becoming citizens
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| Taiping Rebellion | erupted chinese homeland and caused thousands of chinese to head for the U.S.
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| Immigration | movement of foreigners to the u.s.
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| Skyscraper | tall steel frame buildings began to appear on American skylines
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| Political machine | an informal political group designed to gain and keep power, came about party because cities had grown much faster than their governments
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| Party boss | provided neccessities for the political machines
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| Patronage | government jobs went to supporters of the winning party in an election
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| Kickback | is an official's share of misappropriated funds allocated from his or her organization to an organization involved in corrupt bidding
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| Graft | fraud; getting money through dishonest or questionable means
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| Gilded Age | Novel written by Mark Twain and Charles Warner and also known as the era between 1870 to 1900.
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| Social Darwinism | Argued that society progressed and became better because only the fittest people survived
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| Stalwarts | local bosses of the Republican political machines
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| Halfbreeds | Republican reformers
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| Pendelton Act | 1883 congress passed this law and it allowed the president to decide which federal jobs would be filled according to rules laid down by a bipartisan
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| Interstate Commerce Commission | Period of violence culminated in 1866 when a bomb exploded at a labor demonstration in Haymarket Square in Chicago
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| Mckinley Tariff | Lowered federal revenue and transformed the nation’s budget surplus into a budget deficit
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| Sherman Anti-trust Act | Declared illegal any combination in the form of trust or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states.
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| Grange | the nation’s first national farm organization, the Patrons of Husbandry, better known as...
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| Farmer's Alliance | Organization that addressed problems for the farmers similar to the grange but was more effective
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| Populist | Members of the Kansas Alliance formed the people's party which is also known as..
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| Prohibition Party | is a political party in the United States best known for its historic opposition to the sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages
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| Greenback | paper currency that could not be exchanged for gold or silver coins
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| Goldbugs | believed the american currency should be based only on gold
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| Silverites | believed coining silver in unlimited quantities would solve the nation's economic crisis
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| Graduated income tax | taxed higher earnings more heavily
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| Sherman Silver Act | authorized the U.S. Treasury to purchase 4.5 milion ounces of silver per month
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| Gold Standard Act | U.S. officially adopted a gold-based currency
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| Jim Crow Laws | Statutes enforcing segregation
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| Pool tax | Required that all citizens registering to vote pay a sum of $2, which was beyond the means of most poor African Americans
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| Grandfather clause | Allowed any man to vote if he had an ancestor on the voting rolls in 1867
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| Lynchings | executions without proper court proceedings, carried out by mobs each year
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| Segregation | i. Separation of the races, was different because laws enforced and perpetuated the discrimination
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| Plessy v Furguson | Supreme court upheld the law and expressed a new legal doctrine endorsing “separate but equal facilities for A.A.’s
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| Wabash v Illinois | ruled that the stateof Illinois could not restrict the rates that the Wabash Railroad charged for traffic between states because only federal government could regulate interstate commerce
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