Axial Skeleton
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| Axial Skeleton includes the _____,_____,and _____. | Skull, vertebral column, and the thoracic cage(ribs and sternum).
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| At birth, how many bones are in the body? | 270 Bones
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| What are the 4 functions of the vertebral column? | 1. Supports Skull and Trunk
2. Allows for trunk movement
3. Protects and absorbs stress(protects spinal cord)
4. Provides attachment for limbs, ribs, and muscles.
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| What are the 5 groups of the vertebral column? | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Tiny Coccygeal.
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| Where is the cervical vertebrae? | C 1 - C 7 (C1:atlas and C2:axis)
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| Where is the thoracic vertebrae? | T 1 - T 12 (12 ribs)
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| Where is the Lumbar vertebrae? | L 1 - L 5
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| Where is the sacral vertebrae? | S 1 - S 5 (by adulthood- they fuse as the sacrum)
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| Where are the coccygeal? | Co 1 - Co4
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| What are the 4 curvatures of the vertebral column that occur after the age of 3? | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Pelvic.
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| What is the weight bearing portion of a vertebra that provides inferior and superior surfaces for the intervertebral discs? | The body (centrum).
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| What is the ovoid/triangular canal that is dorsal to the body of each vertebra? | The Vertebral Foramen.
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| Collectively the vertebral foramen are called? | Vertebral canal.
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| What is the projection that comes from the body of a vertebra that is pointed and angles downward? | The spinous process.
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| What extends laterally from the point where the pedicle and lamina meet? | The Transverse Process.
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| Whats makes up the vertebral arch? | The pedicle, transverse process, and lamina.
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| The _____ ______ ______ projects upward from one vertebra and meets the matching ____ ____ ____ to form another vertebra. | Superior articular processes and Inferior articular processes. Together called Facet Joints.
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| When two vertebrae are joined, the opening between their pedicles is called? | Intervertebral Foramen
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| What is the pad consisting of an inner nucleus pulposus surrounded by a ring of cartilage called? | Intervertebral discs.
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| What are the 4 functions of the intervertebral discs? | 1. Binds vertebrae together
2. Increases spine flexibility
3. Supports body weight
4. Absorbs shock
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| What is the cervical vertebra that supports the head and has a delicate ring surrounding a large vertebral foramen? | C 1 - the Atlas
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| What part of the cervical vertebrae allows for 45% of the heads rotation? | C 2- the Axis
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| What is the prominent knob on the axis called? | the Dens
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| What part of the vertebrae has prominent round transverse foramen in each transverse process? | The Cervical Vertebrae
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| What is the prominent bump on the lower back of the neck? | The C 7- spinous process.
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| What has 12 vertebrae corresponding to 12 ribs and lacks transverse foramen? | Thoracic Vertebrae.
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| What are the small,smooth, slightly concave spots on the thoracic vertebrae? | Costal facets.
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| Ribs are inserted between two vertebrae- So, rib 6 articulates with the _____ _____ _____ of the upper T5 and the _____ _____ _____ of T6. | inferior costal facet of T5 and the superior costal facet of T6.
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| What is the bony plate that form the dorsal wall of the pelvic cavity? | The Sacrum.
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| On the anterior side of the sacrum - what are the 4 pairs of large holes used passage of nerves and arteries to the pelvic organs called? | Anterior sacral foramina.
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| What is the anterosuperior margin of the first sacral vertebra that bulges anteriorly into the pelvic cavity called? | Sacral promontory.
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| On the dorsal surface of the sacrum, the spinous processes of the vertebrae fuse into a dorsal ridge called....? | The Median sacral crest.
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| On the dorsal side of the sacrum, there are 4 pairs of openings for spinal nerves called the _____. | Posterior sacral formania.
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| The canal that runs through the sacrum is called...? | The sacral canal.
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| The sacral canal ends in the inferior opening called the_____. | The sacral hiatus.
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| The large wing-like extensions at the top of the sacrum are called_____. | Ala(e).
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| The vertebrae that has a thich stout body and a blunt squarish spinous process is? | The Lumbar vertebrae.
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| The thoracic cage consists of what 3 things? | Thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and ribs.
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| What is the bony plate anterior to the heart? | The sternum.
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| What is the broad superior portion of the sternum that has a medial notch and RT & LT clavicular notches? | The mandibrium.
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| The longest part of the sternum where the 2nd rib attaches to is called? | The body.
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| The inferior end of the sternum that provides attachment for some of the abdominla muscles is called? | The xiphoid process.
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| The_____ ______ is the point where the sternal body and the xiphoid process fuse. | Xiphisternal joint.
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| Ribs 1 - 7 are called what and why? | True ribs: because they attach to the sternum.
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| Ribs 8 - 12 are called what? | False ribs: they do NOT attach to the sternum.
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| Ribs 11 and 12 are called? | Floating ribs: because they do NOT attach to ventrally.
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