Respiratory Revserse defs and words
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| cystic fibrosis | a hereditory disease of the exocrine glands affecting the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands
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| diaphragm | a large muscle located between the chest and the abdominal wall
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| rhonchus | abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway
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| crackle | abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia or when air enters moisture filled alveoli: also called rale
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| anoxia | absence of oxygen in tissues
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| anosima | absence of sense of smell
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| pulmonary edema | accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli most commonly caused by heart failure
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| corticosteroids | act on the immune systems by blocking production of substances that trigger allertic and inflammatory actions
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| pertusis (whooping cough) | acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a whoop sound.
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| coryza | acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; also called a head cold or upper respira tory infection
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| sputum | an abnormal viscous fluid formed in the lower respiratory tract often contains blood, pus and bacteria
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| tuberculosis | an infectious disease caused by inhaling viable tubercle bacilli
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| pneumonia | an inflammatory disease of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses,disease and chemicals
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| stethoscope | an instrument used in auscultation
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| tonsillotome | an instrucment used to cut the tonsils
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| antihistamines | block histamines from binding with histamine receptors sites in tissues
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| pulmonary embolism | blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by mass of undissolved matter
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| hemothorax | blood in the chest cavity
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| histamines | body substances that dilate blood vessels, causing swelling and inflammation in nasal passages
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| bronchistasis | chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi
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| atelectasis | collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic adn affect all or part of a lung
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| pneumothorax | collection of air in the pleural cavity
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| adenoids | collection of lymphatic tissue within nasopharynx
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| palatine tonsils | collection of lympatic tissue withing the oropharynx
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| croup | common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and sometimes lungs
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| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | completely unexpected and unexplained death of any apparently normal, healthy infant. Usually less than 12 months of age. AKA crib death
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| asphyxia | condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen
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| hypercapnia | condition of an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| hemoptysis | condition of spitting up blood
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| respiratory system | consists of organs that are responsible for he breathing process
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| decongestants | constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely
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| antibiotics | destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria by disrupting their membranes or one or more of their metabolic processes
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| dysphonia | difficulty in speaking; hoarseness
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| dyspnea | difficulty in breathing
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| pneumoconiosis | disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust, iron dust, asbestos aka miner's lung.
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| deviated nasal septum | displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils and causes reduced air flow and nosebleeds
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| finger clubbing | enlargement of terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes commonly associated with pulmonary disease
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| acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids
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| pneumectomy | excision of a lung or a portion of the lung
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| pleurectomy | excision of the pleura, usually parietial pleura
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| eupnea | good breathing
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| cilia | hair like structure
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| stridor | high-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper air way
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| hyperpnea | increased breathing, deeper than normal
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| sinusitis | inflammation of the sinus
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| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleural membrane
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| pharyngoscope | instrument used to view the throat
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| Mantoux test | intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen
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| expectorants | liquefy respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodge during coughing episodes
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| aerosol therapy | lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medications in mist form directly to the lungs
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| sweat test | measure the amount of salt in sweat. Used to diagnose cystic fibrosis
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| postural drainage | method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from bronchi and lobes of lungs
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| sputum culture | microbial test used to identify disease causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract especially pneumonia
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| CTPA | minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomograghy scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries
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| mucous membranes | moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment also called mucosa
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| stenosis | narrowing or constriction
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| epistaxis | nasal hemorrhage or nose bleed
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| oximetry | noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen also called pulse oimetry
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| nares | nostrils
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| V-Q scan | nuclear scan that evaluates both air flow and blood flow in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs. Also called V-Q lung scan
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| hypoxemia | oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, usually a sign of respiratory impairment
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| hypoxia | oxygen deficiency in body tissues
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| lobular | pertaining to the lobe
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| thoracic | pertaining to the chest area
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| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs
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| spirometry | PFT that measures the breathing capacity of the lungs including time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air
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| endotracheal intubation | procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway
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| tachypnea | rapid breathing
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| antitissives | relieves or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex to the medulla of the brain. Used to suppress dry cough
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| cheyne-stokes respiration | reapeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth or respiration, first deep then shallow then not at all. Usually followed by agonal breathing or death rattle.
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| orthopnea | respiratory condition of discomfort breathing in any but an erect or standing position
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| pleura | serous membrane which envelops the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity
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| epiglottitis | severe life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs mostly in children between 2-12 years of age
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| bronchioles | smaller branches of the bronchi
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| bronchodilators | stimulate bronchial muscles to relax thereby expanding air passages, resulting in increased air flow
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| tracheostomy | surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and trachea into which a breathing tube maybe inserted
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| thoracentesis | surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis
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| septoplasty | surgical repair of the septum usually performed on deviated septum
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| pH | symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
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| Co2 | carbon dioxide-produced by body cells during metabolism
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| O2 | oxygen-colourless gas essential for human respiration
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| apnea | temporary loss of breathing
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| polysomnography | test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recordings of brain waves, electrical activity, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, etc usually observed via video camera while patient is sleeping
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| ABG | test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood
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| throat culture | test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci
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| visceral pleura | the innermost layer lying next to the lung
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| parietal pleura | the outermost layer lining the thoracic cavity
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| nasopharynx | portion of the pharynx above the soft palate and behind the nose
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| perussion | process of gently tapping with the fingers to determine position size and consistency of an underlying structure
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| auscultation | process of listening to body sounds especially in the chest with a stethoscope
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| mediastinum | the space between the right and left lung which contains the heart, aorta esophagus and the bronchi
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| bronchi | to branches off the trachea which lead to the right and left lungs
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| serous membrane | thin layer of tissue that covers internal bod cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa
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| alveoli | tiny air sacs within the lungs resembling ballons
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| diffuse | to move or spread out a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces
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| cartilage | tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone
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| PFTs | variety of tests use evaluate respiratory function, the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across alveolocapillary membrane
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| bronchoscopy | visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures on a monitor
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| laryngoscopy | visual examination of the larynx
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| septum | wall dividing to cavities
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| artral lavage | washing or irrigation of the paranasl sinuses to remove mucopurulent tissue that has failed medical treatment
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| wheeze | whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway
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| trachea | windpipe -cartilaginous tube which extends from the larynx to the bronchial tubes
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