Large Animal Medical Nursing Urinary, dermatologic, opthalmologic
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| the result of acute renal failure in horses is | toxic causes, certain medications are commonly indicated (antibiotics/NSAIDS). breakdown product of RBC (hemoglobinuria) and muscle (myoglobinuria) can cause renal failure also.
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| signs of acute renal failure include | oliguria (decrease in urination), anorexia, and changes in urine concentration, elevated serum chemistry levels
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| urotliths, urinary stones are most commonly found in | the bladder but can also be found in the kidney, ureter and urethra
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| stones are composed of | calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate; more common in geldings than mares
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| PU/PD can be due to | physiologic causes,. including lactation, heat, exercise, diarrhea, and glucocorticoid administration, certain diseases (cushings), behavioral problem, diabetes, renal failure
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| equine dermatophytosis | ringworm a fungal infection of the superficial layer of skin. "bull's-eye" appearance with hair loss caused by Trichophyton and Microsporum
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| Dermatophilosis is a bacterial infection caused by Dermatophilus congolensis | rain rot or rain scald - crust are usually pulled out with a tuff of hair leaving a lession yellow in appearances
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| rain rot is most common in winter and spring because | organisms like to colonize wet, macerated skin. organisms form a double cocci chain "railroad track" appearance under microscopy
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| a syndrome characterized by mane and tail rubbing develops into an allergic pruritic skin condition secondary to the bite of | Culicoides flies, Culicoides hypersensitivity
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| body regions affected by culicoides in clude | face, ears, mane, withers, rump, base of tail and ventral abdomen
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| horses should be moved away from ponds, lakes or irrigation canals because | culicoides breed in stagnant waters
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| the ways to decrease culicoides are | stabling with doors and windows closed, use of fans and insecticides and repellents
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| a benign locally invasive tumor of the skin, the most common tumor in horses is | equine sarcoid-raised hairless lesions with a corrugated surface often bleeding when
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| raised hairless lesions with a corrugated surface that often bleed when traumatized | fibroblastic sarcoids
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| a flattened form sarcoid | verrucous sarcoid
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| treatment for sarcoids is usually | surgical resection, cryotherapy, laser therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy
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| common skin tumors particularly in grey horses | melanomas
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| treatment of melanomas is | administration of cimetidine, or autologous vaccines (vaccines made from the horse's tumor), surgical removal if it interfers with tack or normal body functions
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| the most common cause of blindness in horses is | equine recurrent uveitis (moon blindness)
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| moon blindness is | an immunemediated condition (many things have been blamed on its presence, ie heredity, parasites etc)
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| clinical signs of moon blindness include | episodes of intraocular inflammation, swelling of the eyelids, corneal edema, and hypopyon (inflammatory cellular exudate in the anterior chamber)
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| over time the episodes become more frequent and more severe and produce permanent ocular damage including | retinal degeneration, cataracts and adhesions of the iris to the lens or to the anterior chamber (synechiae)
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| moon blindness is treated with | long term anti-inflammatory therapy opthalmic and systemic. preparations containing atropine and corticosteroids if no ulcer is found
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| corneal ulceration commonly results from | ocular trauma
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| in some instances ulcers are colonized by fungus | Pseudomanas or Aspergillus - causing a "melting" corneal ulcer that is rapidly progressive and can result in rupture of the globe
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