digestive system
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| peristalsis | movement of food particles through the digestive tract
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| absorption | third function, digested food molecules pass through the lining of the small intestine into blood or lymph capillaries
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| alimentation | process of providing nourishment or nutrition
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| DRI | dietary reference intake
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| amylo | starch
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| bili | bile or gall
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| chole | bile or gall
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| glyco | sugar
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| -dipsia | thirst
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| -orexia | appetite
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| -pepsia | digestion
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| -stalsis | contraction
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| amylolysis | starch converted into sugar
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| lipoid | resembling fats
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| lipase | breaks down lipids
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| amylase | enzyme that breaks down starch
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| proteinase or protease | enzyme that breaks down protein
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| -oid | resembling
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| membrane that secretes mucus | mucous
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| mucosa | same as a mucous membrane
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| cholecysto | gallbladder
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| choledocho | common bile duct
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| hepato | liver
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| sialadeno | salivary glands
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| entero | small intestine or intestines in general
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| intestino | intestine in general
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| colo | large intestine
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| colono | large intestine
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| ano | anus
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| enteral | within, by way of, or pertaining to the small intestine
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| colic | pertaining to the large intestine
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| rectum | lower part of the large intestine
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| anus | outlet of the rectum
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| bucco | cheek
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| cheilo | lip
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| gingivo | gums
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| glosso | tounge
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| linguo | tounge
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| sialo | saliva, salivary glands
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| sialadeno | salivary gland
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| vago | vagus nerve
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| endodontium | aka dental pulp, soft tissue inside the tooth
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| periodontium | tissue investing and supporting the teeth
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| parotid gland | largest salivary glands near the ears
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| -id | means either having the shape of or a structure
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| submandibular glands are located | in the tissue of the mandible rather than beneath
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| duodenum | first part of the large intestine
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| mucosa that lines the stomach is arranged in temporary folds called | rugae
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| ruga | means ridge, wrinkle or fold
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| serosa | outer layer of the stomach
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| innermost membrane of the small intestine | mucosa, contains villi
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| villi | fingerlike projections, function to absorb nutrients
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| jejunum | joins the ileum
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| ileum | distal portion of the small intestine
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| ceco | cecum
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| procto | anum, rectum
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| sigmoido | sigmoid colon
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| cecum | forms the first portion of the large intestine and located distal to the ileum
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| vermiform appendix | wormlike structure, opens into the cecum
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| appendicular | pertaining to the appendage or vermiform appendix
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| sigmoid colon | last parto of the colon
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| defecation | elimination of feces
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| proctologist | specializes in treating disorders of the colon, rectum and anus
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| major function of the liver is | production of bile
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| glucagon | increases blood glucose levels
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| insulin | decreases blood glucose levels
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| cholangiography | radiology of the major bile ducts and is useful in demonstrating gallstones and tumors
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| hematochezia | presence of blood in the stool
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| occult blood | blood that cannot be seen but can be detected by a chemical test
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| anorexia | lack or loss of appetite
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| anorexia nervosa | sometimes life-threatening illness that is self induced starvation
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| emaciation | excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition
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| dyspepsia | faulty or painful digestion
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| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing
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| eructation | belching; that results from drawing air up from the stomach and expelling it through the mouth
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| hematemesis | vomiting blood, indicates upper GI bleeding
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| aphagia | inability to swallow, result of an organic or psychological cause
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| stomatomycosis | fungal condition of the mouth
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| candida albicans | yeast type of fungus that is part of the normal flora of the oral cavity
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| glossopyrosis | abnormal sensation of pain, burning and stinging of the tongue without apparent lesions or cause
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| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth
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| caries | decay
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| endodontitis | inflammation of the endodontium or the tooth pulp
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| malocclusion | aka improper bite, abnormal contact of the teeth of the upper jaw and maxilla
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| pyorrhea | inflammation of the gingiva and the periodontal ligament
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| temporal mandibular joint, TMJ | pair of joints connecting the mandible to the skull
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| leukoplakia | precancerous, slowly developing change in a mucous membrane, characterized by white patches
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| mumps | acute viral infection characterized by swelling of the parotid glands
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| esophageal achalasia | abnormal condition which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly
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| esophageal atresia | usually congenital, an esophagus that ends in a blind pouch or narrows so much that it obstructs continuos passage of food to the stomach
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| esophageal varices | enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus, which are susceptible to hemorrhage
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| gastoesophageal reflux disease GERD | dysfunction that involves a back flow of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus
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| hiatal hernia | protrusion of a portion of the stomach upward through a defect in the diaphragm, GERD is one of the major symptoms
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| flatulence | excessive gas in the stomach or intestines
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| gastrectasia | stretching of the stomach caused by overeating
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| crohn disease | inflammatory bowel disease
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| fistulas | abnormal passages between internal organs
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| fissure | cleft or groove or a cracklike lesion of the skin
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| Irritable bowel syndrome | aka spastic colon mucous colitis, is a common chronic non inflammatory intestinal disorder
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| diverticulum | pouch like herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ
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| diverticulosis | diverticula present in the colon without inflammation or symptoms
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| strangled hernia | hernia which blood vessels are constricted by the neck of the hernial sac
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| intussusception | telescopic folding back of the bowel into itself
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| volvus | twisting of a bowel
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| -penia | deficiency
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| hepatorenal syndrome | kidney failure, associated with hepatic failure
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| cirrhosis | chronic progressive liver disease, characterized by degeration of liver cells
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| cholelithiasis | presence of gallstones or calculi in the gallbladder
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| choledochitis | inflammation of the common bile duct
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| achalasia | abnormal condition, characterized by the inability of the muscle to relax
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| parenteral | not through the alimentary tract but through some other route
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| total parenteral nutrition | administration of all nutrition through an indwelling catheter into the vena cava or other main vain
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| lavage | irrigation or washing out of an organ
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| anastomosis | connection between two vessels
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| anastomose | to join structures
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| esophagojejunostomy | surgical anastomosis of the esophagus to the jejunum
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| gastroenterostomy | body of the stomach is joined with some part of the small intestine
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| gastroduodenostomy | anastomosis of the gastric stump with duodenum
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| anastomosis | surgical connection between two structures
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| ileostomy | forming an ileal stoma onto the surface of the abdomen
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| laparoenterostomy | formation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the small intestine
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| proctoplasty | surgical repair of the rectum and anus
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| lithotriptor | name of the shock wave generator in biliary lithotripsy
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| lithotripsy | nonsurgical management of gallstones
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| endoscopic sphincterotomy | endoscopic removal of biliary stones
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| laparoscopic cholecystectomy | removal of a gallbladder through four small incisions in the abdominal wall
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| laparocholecystotomy | incision into the gallbladder through the abdominal wall
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| choledochojejunostomy | surgical formation fo a new opening between the common bile duct and jejunum
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| choledocholithotripsy | mechanical crushing of gallstones in the common bile duct
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