Test 1 -definitions
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| system of manual therapy that addresses "dysfunction" and pain within the musculoskeletal system | medical massage
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| primarily looking at an injury to the collagen | soft tissue injury
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| tension-pulling, compression-crushing, shearing-ripping | mechanical trauma to soft tissue
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| caused by repetitive stress | microfailure
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| quality of a substance to become more fluid as it is stirred and become more solid when it remains undisturbed | thixotrophic
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| transparent, viscous liquid surounds connective tissue cells in the body and in between the collagen fibers | ground substance
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| has appearance and consistency of raw egg whites | ground substance
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| clear or pale yellow viscous fluid secreted by fibroblast-like cells | synovial fluid
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| surrounds a synovial joint and encloses the synovial cavity | joint capsule
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| voluntary, striated, multinucleated cells that are attached to bones | skeletal muscle
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| covers fascicles | perimysium
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| covers muscle | epimysium
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| forms adhesions, fiber developes random orientation | collagen reaction to injury
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| dehydrates, thickens, predisposed to adhesions | ground substance reaction to injury
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| disuse atrophy, contractures, forms adhesions,positional dysrelationship | skeletal muscle reaction to injury
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| trauma caused by a direct blow to the tissue | direct trauma
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| acute trauma, occurs with sudden overload, or chronic or overuse trauma as a result of repeated overload to tissues | indirect trauma
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| within first 4 hours of injury, can last 4-5 days | acute or vascular phase
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| process of repair and regeneration, begins 2-6 days after initial injury,can last 3 wks | subacute or repair phase
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| occurs from day 21 to day 60, is changes to network of fibrous connective tissue | remodeling phase
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| functional tissue that makes up an organ | parenchymal tissue
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| cell reproduction of the parenchymal cells is going on continuously | labial tissues
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| blood, skin, bone | labial tissues
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| nerve, muscle, cartilage | tissue that do not reproduce well
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| blood supply to the muscle is occluded creating a buildup of waste products which cause inflammatory response, usually chronic | static inflammation
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| death of tissue | necrosis
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| accumulation of pus | abscess
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| large scale necrosis | gangrene
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| body attempts to protect itself from suffering additional damage to injured area | pain-spasm-pain cycle
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| a dysfunction in one part of the body will affect other parts of the body | individual is a whole organism: everything is connected and related
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| muscles work by contracting, therefore can do no work if shortened | shortened muscle tissue can do no work
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| touch interferes with self-perpetuating neuromuscular feedback circuit and restores normal function | soft tissues of the body respond to touch
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| rehydrate tissue | thixotrophic effect
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| points on the body that are tender when pressed | tender points
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| point found in a nodule in a taut band of skeletal tissue that is extremely tender and "refers or radiates" | trigger point
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| term used to refer to the softening and lengthening of soft tissue | release
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| prime mover | agonist
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| muscle opposing the agonist | antagonist
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| muscle contracts to flex a joint by "shortening" | concentric contraction
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| muscle functions as an antagonists and contracts to control movement of a joint while "lengthening" | eccentric contraction
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| antagonist must overcome the normal resistance to stretch in order for movement to take place | reciprocal inhibition
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| no bony change, client can self correct problem | 1st degree or postural
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| few or no bony changes, client can no longer self correct | 2nd degree or transitional
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| serious bony changes, require surgical intervention | 3rd degree or structural
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| anterior, posterior, lateral; right and left | examination of alignment in standing
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| to assess what musculature is contracted and shortened, or lengthened | test for range of motion and muscle length
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| plumb line should be midway between heels | anterior view
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| plumb line should be just anterior to lateral malleolus | lateral view
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| plumb line should be midway between heels | posterior view
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| correlation exists between alignment and muscle test findings | if posture is habitual
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| intersection of the sagittal and coronal mid-planes of the body | gravity line
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| arrangement of muscle fibers relative to the axis of force generation | muscle architecture
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| fibers lie at a single angle to the force-generating axis | unipennate
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| fibers lie at two angles to the force-generating axis | bipennate
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| fibers lie at multiple angles to the force-generating axis | multipennate
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| fibers are parallel to the force-generating axis | parallel (longitudinal)
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| fibers from a broad attachment converge to a narrow attachment, forming a fan shape | convergent
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| kinesiological function of the muscle or that particular part of the muscle | determined by 'arrangement' of the muscle fibers
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| direction and type of the work to be done | determined by the 'direction' of the fibers in a particular section of a muscle
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| latin word meaning 'band' or 'bandage' | fascia
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| inhibition of the stretch reflex in antagonists | reciprocal inhibition
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| point of contact between nervous system and muscular system | neuromuscular junction
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| points at which nerve cells communicate chemically with each other | synapses
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| performed by the client with no assistance from therapist | active range of motion
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| therapist moves client through range of motion with no assistance from client | passive range of motion
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| some resilience or bounce at end of range of motion | soft end feel
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| range of motion stops abruptly against bony or ossified material | hard end feel
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| pain before end of normal range of motion is reached | client is in acute phase of inflammation
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| pain at the limit of the normal end of range of motion | client is in subacute or repair phase
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| pain with overpressure | client is in chronic or remodeling phase
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| indicates pathologies in tendons and muscles | pain on resisted movements
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| pain on active and passive movement | indicates pathologies in ligaments, joint capsules, bursaes, and other noncontractile tissues
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| muscular tissues | contractile
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| not muscular | noncontractile tissues
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| pioneered fascia-centered bodywork | ida rolf
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| solid or semisolid state of a colloidal solution | gel
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| liquid state of a colloidal solution | sol
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| lines of direction in the dermis | langer's lines
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| fascia covering a group of muscles | investing fascia
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| fascia surrounding the muscle | epimysium
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| fascia covering fascicles within a muscle | perimysium
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| fascia surrounding the individual muscle fibers | endomysium
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| warm tissue, break up adhesions, realign fibers | scooping
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| enhance the natural broadening of muscles as they contract | compression broadening
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| break up adhesions, treat sprains, strains, tendinosis, reduce scar tissue | deep transverse frictioning
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| encourage elongation, reduce hypertonicity, increase pliability, inactivate myofascial trigger points | deep longitudinal stripping
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| reduce hypertonicity, deactivate myofascial trigger points | static compression
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| procedure that involves voluntary contraction of clients muscle in a precisely controlled direction, at varying levels of intensity, against a distinctly executed counterforce applied by therapist | muscle energy techniques (MET)
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| muscle contraction which there is resistance but 'no' movement at joint | isometric
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| muscle contraction which there is resistance with 'movement' at joint | isotonic
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| resistance with movement which origin moves toward insertion, muscle 'shortens' | concentric isotonic
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| resistance with movement which origin and insertion moving apart making muscle 'lengthen' as it contracts | eccentric isotonic
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| proprioceptors located in tendon of muscles and detect "tension" in the tendon | golgi tendon organs
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| proprioceptors located in belly of muscle which detect sudden or constant 'stretch' on muscle | spindle cell fibers
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| time period during which a neuron cannot respond to stimulus that is usually adequate to evoke a nervous impulse | refractory period
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| no stimulus will evoke a nerve impulse | absolute refractory period
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| very strong stimulus will evoke a nerve impulse | relative refractory period
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| muscle that is habitually contracted forgets where its normal resting length should be | sensory motor amnesia
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| if agonist contracts the antagonist must relax | law of reciprocal inhibition
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| excessively stretched, joint instability limits range of motion | joint capsule reaction to injury
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| increase fluid, becomes thicker, forms adhesions | synovial membrane reaction to injury
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| can be stretched and change shape and then return to normal | visoelastic nature
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| alleviate pain, normalize tonicity, restore range of motion | medical massage soft tissue techniques
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