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Apologia Marine Biology Module 1 Vocabulary

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Oceanic Crust   The portion of the earth's crust that primarily contains basalt, is relatively dense, and is about 5 kilometers thick  
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Continental crust   The portion of the earth's crust that primarily contains granite, is less dense than oceanic crust, and is 20 to 50 kilometers thick  
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Plate tectonics   A process involving the movement of large plates on the earth's mantle  
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Mid-ocean ridge   A continuous chain of underwater volcanic mountains encompassing the earth  
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Seafloor spreading   The process that creates new sea floor as an area moves away from the mid-ocean ridges  
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Subduction   The downward movement of one plate into the earth's mantle when two plates collide  
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Continental shelf   The gently sloped, shallow section of the edge of a continent, extending from the shore to the point where the slope gets steeper.  
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Continental slope   The steeper section of a continental edge, extending seaward from the continental shelf  
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Continental rise   The gently sloping area at the base of the continental slope  
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Specific heat   The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1.00 degree Celsius  
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Salinity   The total amount of salt dissolved in a solvent  
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Coriolis effect   The way in which the rotation of the earth bends the path of winds and resulting sea currents  
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Gyres   Large, mostly circular systems of surface currents driven by the wind  
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Spring tide   A time of largest tidal range due to the gravitational pull of the aligned sun and moon (during full moon and new moon)  
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Neap tide   A time of smallest tidal range due to the gravitational pull of the aligned sun and moon (during quarter moons)  
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