Genetics
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| What does homozygous mean? | Pure breeding (AA or aa)
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| What does heterozygous mean? | 2 different allele traits (Aa)
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| What does dominant mean? | Dominant genes are always displayed when present
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| What does recessive mean? | May be "hidden"
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| List 4 different types of biotechnology | Cloning, Genetic Engineering, Gene splicing and Stem cell research
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| What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? | Mitosis = Cell division for growth and repair of tissue
Meoisos = Cell division for reproduction, cells have 1/2 number of chromosomes
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| What is karyotyping? | To detect chromosomal abnormalities
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| Name three genetic disorders | Down Syndrome,Turner Syndrome,Cystic Fibrosis
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| What is the cause of Down Syndrome? | An extra copy of chromosome 21
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| What is the cause of Turner Syndrome? | Missing or altered X chromosome
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| What is the cause of Cystic Fibrosis? | The defect in the CFTR gene
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| Describe the difference between genotype and phenotype | Genotype of an organism is the genetic code in its cells, but is not solely responsible for many of its traits
Phenotype is the visible or expressed trait, such as hair color
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| What did Gregor Mendel discover about genes? | Through his work on pea plants, he discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance
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| What does a punnett square allow you to do? | A Punnett Square shows the genotypes two individuals can produce when crossed
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| How do recessive and dominant differ? Give an example using human characteristics | Dominant genes are always displayed whereas recessive may be hidden
Example: the ability to roll your tongue.We can call the dominant allele ‘R’ for being able to roll our tongue and the recessive allele ‘r’ for being unable to roll our tongue
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| Describe how DNA replicates? What are the advantages of DNA replicating exactly? | DNA replication is the process of copying a double-stranded DNA molecule
The benefits of DNA replicating exactly include the fact that mutations are avoided
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| Describe: DNA, chromosomes, genes | DNA = A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell
Chromosomes = A circular strand of DNA in bacteria that contains the hereditary information necessary for cell life
Genes = a unit of heredity composed of DNA
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| Who was Rosalind Franklin and how did her work relate to the work of Watson and Crick? | Franklin is best known for her work on the X-ray diffraction images of DNA. Model DNA building.
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| What does a pedigree show you? | A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance or phenotypes of a particular gene or organism
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| What is biotechnology? | Biotechnology is the use of living things to make or change products
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| Biotechnology example: Gene splicing | Genesplicing = cutting a gene from one organism and pasting it into the DNA of another so that a characterisitic can be transferred from one plant to another.
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| Gene splicing advantage and disadvantage | The benefits of this scientific advance are clearly documented in the developing world.
The disadvantage are that it could cause unstable problems, causing physical and mental disabilities
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