Unit 8: Space Test Review for Science 1 for the International Student
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Universe meaning | Everything that exists in space
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| Science History | 1. Geocentric by Ptolemy in 2nd century AD
2. Heliocentric by Copernicus in 1500s
3. Brahe tried to prove geocentric
4. Galileo invented telescope
5. Kepler foudn that Earth orbit = elliptical
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| Difference between geocentric and heliocentric | 1. Geocentric = earth is universe center
2. Heliocentric = sun is universe center
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| What is the importance of the Science Revolution | Started with Copernicus (heliocentric) ended with Isaac Newton (Physics)
- prove/improve traditional ideas, leading to great discovery
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| Stars: | Giant balls of gas held together by gravity
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| Star formation | Nebula = before a star = a large mass of gas and dust
Stars form when nebula collapse and pulls inward
Supernova = end star = explosion of the outershell of a star
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| Star types: B-type | blue, short life, mostly live in spiral galaxies' arms
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| Star types: O-type | blue, short life, mostly live in spiral galaxies' arms
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| Star types: Red | live longest, mostly live in elliptical galaxies
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| Star types: Blue ( what is it) | live short, O&B type, mostly live in spiral galaxies
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| Blackholes: What are they? | remains of a massive star
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| Blackholes: How are they formed? | After a supernova explosion
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| Blackholes: What do they pull in? | Everything; all matters around it
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| Blackholes: How big can they get? | billions of times bigger than our sun.
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| Blackholes: Where are they said to be found? | In the ceneter of galaxy
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| Blackholes: What is the point of no return? | The event horizon
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| Blackholes: How do scientists know they exist? | Gravitational lensing
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| Planets: What is a planet | A body that orbits stars
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| Planets: How many planets are in our solar system? | 8
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| Planets: What is a dwarf planet? | 1. Orbits sun
2. not moon
3. sufficient mass
4. has gravitational pull
5. orbital path not clear
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| Moons: What is a moon | A small body that orbits a planet
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| Moons: How many moons are in our solar system? | + 150
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| Mercury important fact | Mercury is the smalles planet with no moon
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| Mercury location in solar system | closest to sun
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| Mercury suface | Mercury's surface is similiar to the moon's
lots of craters
has ridges, highlands, mountains, plains
color gray
has basins filled with magma
rocky
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| why Mercury is interesting | smallest planet
no wind erosion
very thin exosphere
resemble's earth's moon
bumped into our moon
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| Jupiter: feature to remember | Jupiter is the gas giant that is closest to Earth, and Jupiter has more moons than any other planet
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| Jupiter: location in the solar system | 5th from sun
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| Jupiter: surface | not solid,
large electric bar magnet,
magnet field 20,000 times stronger than earth,
89.8% Hydrogen, 10.2% Helium,
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| Why Jupiter is interesting | largest planet
1,300 Earths could fit inside Jupiter
has 3 rings
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| Pluto: feature to remember | It used to be classified as a planet, but is now a dwarf planet
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| Pluto: location in the solar system | 9th; furthest from sun
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| What is Pluto's surface? | icy,
98% nitrogen, with small amount of methan and carbon dioxide,
blue/brown,
exact surface is unknown,
surface color is always changing,
Pluto core is made of iron, nickel, and alby
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| Why Pluto is interesting | only planet not yet visited by space craft
considered dwarf planet
has unusual orbit
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| Saturn: feature to remember | Saturn is the famous for its rings of ice, dust, and rock
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| Saturn location in the solar system | 6th from sun
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| Saturn surface | Hydrogen = 96%, Helium 3%, with ammonia, acetylene, ethane, phophine, methane
gaseous,
toxic,
outside surface = liquid,
yellow,
core = rocky,
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| Why Saturn is interesting | 2nd largest planet
least dense planet, less dense than water
no oxygen
orbits slowly, because made of gas
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| Neptune feature to remember | It is known for its gread dark spot, has 13 moons
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| Neptune location in the solary system | 8th planet from sun
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| What is Neptune's surface? | gas,
atmosphere = hydrogen & helium,
mantel = hot, dense liquid = water, ammonia, methane,
core = hot rock, ice
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| Why Neptune is interesting | 3rd largest planet in mass
4th largest in diameter
1 of the 4 gas giants in our solar system
stormiest planet
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| Mars: feature to remember | Also known as the red planet
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| Mars: location in the solar system, | 4th planet from sun
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| Mars surface | dry, barren wasteland created by many old volcanoes and crater
has a rocky body like earth
Polar ice caps that grow and recede depending on season
Color of mars = red because of iron
has tectonci plates
95% Carbon dioxide, 3% Nitrogen, 1.6% Argon
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| What makes Mars interesting | tallest mountain in solar system = Olympus Mons
Deepest canyon = Valles Marinetis
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| Venus feature to remember | Venus rotates the opposite direction of most planets, its day is longer than its year
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| Venus location from the sun | 2nd from the sun
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| Venus surface | 6 mountain ranges
Maxwell is highest point
ring like structures
raised areas where ridges and falleys form in different direction
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| Why is Venus interesting | can rain down sulfuric acid making it inhapitable
we can see it with nakad eye during day
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| Uranus: feature to remember | Uranus is located in the milky way galaxy. It is between Saturn and Neptune
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| Uranus Location in the solar system | 7th
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| uranus surface | not solid
like Jupiter
from ice, gas, liquids
second most dense
blue because of methane
2% methane
has rocks to make rings
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| Why is Uranus interesting | spins on side,
ice giant,
coldest planet,
core is size of earth,
moon named after Shakespeare and Alexander Pope,
Uranus can be ween with nakad eye
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| What cause Seasons | Seasons are caused by the earth's tilted axis
Since the axis is tilted, different parts of the globe are oriented towards the sun at different times of the year
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| Moons: Phases: Blue Moon | When two full moons occur in a single month
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| Moons: Phases: Crescent Moon | A crescent moon is part way between a half moon and a new moon
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| Moons: Phases: Full Moon | A full moon appears as an entire circle in the sky
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| Moons: Phases: Gibbous Moon | A gibbous moon is between a full moon and a half moon
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| Moons: Phases: Half Moon | A half moon looks like half a circle
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| Moons: Phases: New Moon | When you can not see the moon
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| Moons: Moonrise | It rises 30 to 70 minutes later each day. New moons rise at the same time as the sun, and the full moon rises when the sun sets. That is why you can see the moon during the day.
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| Galaxies: What are they | large group of stars, gas, and dust helt together by gravity
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| Galaxies: What is the name of our Galaxy | Milky Way
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| Galaxies: How many galaxies do scientists think there are? | + 170 billion galaxies
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| Galaxies: How are they measured? | light years
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| Galaxies: Spiral | resemble pinwheel
have bulge at center
arms that curve outward
contains O&B stars
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| Galaxies: Elliptical | oval-shaped
no central bulge
older & appear more red
little gas & dust to from new stars
contains red stars
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| Galaxies: Irregular | no certain shpae or structure
contains normal galaxy characteristics
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| Sun | The solar interior, from the inside out, is made up of the core, radiative zone and the convective zone.
The strength of the sun's magnetic field is typically only about twice as strong as Earth's field.
There are many sunspots.
Important in culture
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| What is an asteroid | a small rocky body that has an irregular shape and orbits a star
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| what is a comet | a celestial body of ice and dust, having a long elliptical orbit and thought to come from the Oort Cloud
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| what is a light year | the distance light travels in one year (9.4 trillion km)
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| what are gas giants | an enourmous planet composed of mostly gases and liquids, much larger than Earth and likely without a solid surface (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)
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| terrestrial planets | Terrestrial planets are Earth-like planets made up of rocks or metals with a hard surface â making them different from other planets that lack a solid surface.(Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.)
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| Planets in order | My Very Enormous Mother Jiggles Simultaneously Uncontrolably, Nasty
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
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| What is a year | 1 orbit around the sun
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| What is a day? | 1 full spin on the planets' axis
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| What is the importance of gravity? | Gravity holds everything together, without it everything would be random and all the planets would crash into each other, causing us to die.
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