Lower Body Trigger Point, week 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Chemical | The simplest/smallest level of organization
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| Molecule | Made up of atoms, the smallest unit of matter
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| Molecule | Two or more atoms form a molecule
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| Molecules | Combine to form substances like proteins, carbohydrates & fats
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| Cellular | Involving the cells of an organism
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| Cell | a self sufficient component of life
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| Cell | the building blocks of all living things
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| Organelle | “little organ” that performs various functions within each cell
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| Tissue | Groups of cells that form different structures
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| Epithelial | skin
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| Connective | most abundant, fascia
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| Muscle | smooth, skeletal, cardiac
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| Nervous | nerves & brain
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| Organ | Groups of tissue With a special function
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| Organ System | groups of organs with a specific role in the body
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| Organism | a total living form; one individual
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| Community | a group of individual organisms living in one geographic location
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| Inorganic Substance | small simple compounds
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| Inorganic Substance | required for water transport and cellular activities
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| Organic Substance | Large complex compounds containing carbon.
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| Organic Substance | Building blocks of body structures
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| Organic Substance | serve as cellular fuel for energy used for body functions. Organic Substance
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| Cytoplasm | Cytosol (intercellular fluid)
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| Cytoplasm | contains ions, nutrients, waste products,
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| Cytoplasm | fluid surrounding soluble and insoluble (cytoskeletal) proteins.
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| Matrix | the substance between cells/tissues
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| Matrix | made up of ground substance and fibers.
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| Matrix | Provides support for cellular growth and function.
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| Water | most abundant substance in cells
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| Plasma membrane | The thin delicate membrane that surrounds every cell.
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| Phospholipid bilayer | composed of two layers of phospholipids
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| Phospholipid bilayer | hydrophobic tails facing inwards
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| Phospholipid bilayer | hydrophilic heads facing outward.
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| Phospholipid bilayer | attracts water and materials from the outside of the cell
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| Phospholipid bilayer | resists allowing internal fluid from leaving the cell.
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| Nucleus | Houses the cell’s genetic material
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| Nucleic acids | these are DNA and RNA
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| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid, the primary structure is the double helix
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| RNA | Ribonucleic acid
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| Nucleotides | DNA and RNA are composed of small acid units
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| DNA replication | the process of replication results in two strands of DNA
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| Mitochondria | major site of cellular energy production
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| Mitochondria | i.e. synthesis of ATP
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| Mitochondria | It contains many internal folds called aristae. “The Power Plant”
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| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | is the primary source of energy for cells
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| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | releases energy through catabolism.
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| Catabolism | breaking down complex substances into simpler substances
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| Smooth ER | lipid synthesis and detoxification of toxins and drugs, storage
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| Rough ER | protein synthesis, transportation of proteins and storage
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| Golgi Apparatus | processing, packaging and storage of materials
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| Lysosomes (and Peroxisomes) | contain digestive enzymes
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| Lysosomes (and Peroxisomes) | break down cell wastes and toxins.
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| Phagocytosis | is performed to “eat” bacteria and waste products
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| Cytoskeleton | provides structure, support and assists with internal movement
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| Microfilaments | slender strands consisting of chains of actin molecules
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| actin | is a protein
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| Microfilaments | that provide structural support and mobility
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| Microfilaments | influences the cell shape
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| Microtubules | Provide structure (rigidity)
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| Microtubules | Involved in movement of organelles ‘railroad tracks’
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| Microtubules | Involved in mitosis
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| Centrioles | growth center for microtubules
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| Centrioles | involved in cell division (mitosis)
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| Ribosomes | sites of protein synthesis, located on ER
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| Cilia and Flagella | Microtubules containing extensions of the plasma membrane
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| Cilia and Flagella | involved in cellular mobility (cell motion)
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| Cilia and Flagella | movement of fluids along cell surfaces
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| Cilia and Flagella | sensitive to environment
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| Metabolism | transformation, production or consumption of energy.
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| Anabolism | simple substances combine to form bigger/complex substances
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| Diffusion | random movement of molecules across the lipid bilayer
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| Diffusion | high concentration to low concentration
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| Osmosis | the diffusion of water across a membrane from high to low
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| Phagocytosis | when a cell actively engulfs a foreign body
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| Phagocytosis | The cell “eats” the foreign body
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| Phagocytosis | usually seen with white blood cells
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| Active Transport | works against the concentration gradient
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| Active Transport | brings in necessary nutrients w/o releasing internal fluid.
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| Mitosis | cellular division and replication process called
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| Mitosis | is the exact duplication of one cell into multiple cells
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| Mitosis | is replication of the same cell to form specific tissues/structures.
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| Interphase | All 23 pairs of chromosomes duplicate inside of the nucleus
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| Prophase | the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear
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| Prophase | Long thread like bodies of chromatin become evident
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| Chromatin | random pieces of DNA that are present in the nucleus
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| Prophase | chromatin does not condense into chromosomes until this stage
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| Metaphase | alignment of chromosomes along the center line of the cell
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| Metaphase | threads from the spindle apparatus take hold of the chromosomes
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| Anaphase | separation of each chromosome into “sister chromatids.”
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| Anaphase | chromatids are pulled to the opposite side or poles of the cell.
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| Telophase | actual cellular division (separation) of the cell
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| cytokinesis | cleavage process known as
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| Tissue | Groups of closely associated cells that perform a specified function
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| Epithelial | Protects the body by covering/lining of all body cavities/surfaces. Epithelial Tissue
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| Epithelial Tissue Types | simple, stratified, pseudostatified or squamous.
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| Connective | Joins together other tissues through a matrix or framework
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| Connective Tissue | supports and protects the body
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| Connective tissue | is the most common type of tissue in the body.
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| Connective Tissue types | Collagen, bone, elastic fibers, adipose, blood, lymph
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| Muscle Tissue | specialized cells that are able to contract on impulse.
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| Muscle Tissue | Can be voluntary or involuntary
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| Muscle cells | called fibers because of their long slender shape
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| Muscle Fiber types | striated skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
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| Nerve cells (neurons) | specialized to send and receive neural impulses
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| Nerve tissue | is made up of nerve cells and Glial cells.
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| Fibroblasts | cells that produce the fibers of connective tissue
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| Osteoblasts | cells that produce bone
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| Chondroblasts | cells that produce collagen
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| Macrophages | cells that move through connective tissue and "eat" debris
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| Cancer | the growth of malignant cells into tumors
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| Cancer | There are over 100 different types of cancer causes and types.
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| Cancer | is recorded to kill an average of 5550,000 people in the US yearly.
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| This mutated DNA is called a(n) | Oncogene
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| The study of cancer is | Oncology
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| Initiation | the DNA of the cell mutates & influences the cells to grow rapidly
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| Promotion | the mutated cells begin to proliferate or rapidly grow and flourish.
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| Progression | the mutated cells have not become malignant
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| Metastasis | the spreading of the cancerous cells to remote areas
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| Carcinogens | a chemical or other environmental agent that produces cancer
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| Carcinogens | hydrocarbons, UV light, excessive x-rays, asbestos, benzene
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| Viruses | several types of viruses have been linked to various types of cancer. A virus
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| Genetics | people may have a genetic predisposition towards getting cancer.
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| Signs and Symptoms | Cancer is often painless until it is too late
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| Signs and Symptoms | Look for a change in bowel or bladder habits
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| Signs and Symptoms | A sore that does not heal
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| Signs and Symptoms | Unusual bleeding or drainage
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| Signs and Symptoms | Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
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| Signs and Symptoms | Indigestion or swallowing difficulty
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| Signs and Symptoms | A change in a wart or mole
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| Signs and Symptoms | Persistent cough or hoarseness
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| Chemotherapy | targets fast growing cells, cancerous tumors/skin/stomach/blood
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| Radiation | high-energy rays are focused on tumors to kill or slow them down.
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| Surgery | full excision of the tumor.
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| Hormones | Suppression of hormones that cause the growth of tumors.
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| Hypothermia | cryotherapy used to “freeze” the tumor off the skin.
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| Anti-blood vessel growing drugs | limits the size of the tumor.
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| Massage | indicated with the supervision, direction and approval of the pcp
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