VMS Final Exam Study Guide
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is a characteristic of acids? | They turn blue litmus paper red.
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| What is a likely use for a base? | Making soaps and detergents
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| The pH scale measures _____? | the concentration of hydrogen ions
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| Magnesium bromide is an ionic compound with the chemical formula MgBr2. What does the "2" tell you? | There are two bromide ions for every magnesium ion.
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| When an atom loses an electron, it becomes _____? | a positive ion
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| An ionic bond is the attraction between ______. | Oppositely charged ions.
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| A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons is called a(n) ____ bond. | covalent bond
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| Electrons involved in bonding between atoms are ______ electrons. | valence electrons
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| What are the products of photosynthesis? | oxygen and sugars
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| What happens during photosynthesis? | the cell uses the energy in sunlight to make food
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| What happens during cellular respiration? | glucose is broken down, releasing energy
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| The stage of respiration that releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the _______. | Mitochondria
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| Each rung of the DNA ladder is made of ___. | a single pair of nitrogen bases.
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| Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria? | they convert energy from food molecules into energy the cell can use.
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| How does a bacterial cell differ from a plant or animal cell? | it does not have a nucleus.
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| Which organelles release chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones? | Lysosomes
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| Sugar molecules can combine with one another to form large molecules called___. | Starches
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| A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler elements is a(n) _____. | Element
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| When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a(n) _____. | Compound
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| Chemistry is ____________________. | the study of matter and how matter changes.
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| What type of reaction is FeS + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2S? | Double replacement reaction
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| In chemical reactions, what does the principle of conservation of mass mean? | Matter is not created nor destroyed.
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| A bottle of hydrogen peroxide that eventually turns into a bottle of water and oxygen gas is an example of ______. | a decomposition reaction
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| How can you determine if a chemical reaction is balanced? | If the total number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation, it is balanced.
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| A chemical reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat is described as _____. | Endothermic
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| In a chemical equation, numbers often appear in front of a chemical formula. These numbers tell you the ______. | number of molecules or atoms of each substance in the reaction.
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| The number placed below an element's symbol in a chemical formula is called a ______. | Subscript
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| Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called ____. | Shearing
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| The type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordion are called _____. | P waves
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| The build-up of charges on an object is called _______. | Static electricity
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| An electric current will always follow ____. | the path of least resistance.
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| In a series circuit with three bulbs, adding another will _____. | make all the bulbs dimmer.
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| Factors that control traits are called ______. | genes
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| Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a ______. | Hybrid
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| What does the notation TT mean to geneticists? | two dominant alleles
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| What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists? | one dominant allele and one recessive allele
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| What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two hybrid tall pea plants? | three in four
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| What does a Punnett square show? | all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
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| An organism's physical appearance is its____. | Phenotype
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| What happens during meiosis? | Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed into new sex cells.
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| When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each cell will contribute ____. | half the number of chromosomes in body cells.
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| The order of the bases along a gene determines the order in which______. | amino acids are put together to form a protein.
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| What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis? | Copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm.
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| What does transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis? | Carry amino acids and add them to the growing protein.
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| Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being? | XY
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| Creating human insulin to treat people with diabetes is an example of _____. | Genetic engineering
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| Speed equals distance divided by ____. | Time
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| The rate at which velocity changes is called _____. | Acceleration
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| A place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion is called a _____. | Reference point
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| The genetic material of a virus is found in its ______. | Core
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| A virus's proteins are important because they _______. | help the virus attach to its host.
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| What characteristic of viruses makes them useful in gene therapy? | Their ability to enter cells
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| Which shape describes some bacterial cells? | Spiral
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| Which of the following is found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells? | Genetic material
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| Viruses are considered to be non-living because they ______. | do not show all the characteristics of life.
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| A hidden virus becomes ______. | part of the host cell's genetic material.
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| Cells that have a central nucleus and a complicated inner structure are considered ____. | Eukaryotic
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| Cells that do not have a cell nucleus are considered ____. | Prokaryotic
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| What part of the cell transports materials throughout the cell? | Endoplasmic Reticulum
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| The many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a(n) _______. | Food web
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| A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web is called a(n) ______. | Energy pyramid
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| In an energy pyramid, which level has the most available energy? | Producer level
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| A group of land ecosystems with similar climates and organisms is called a(n) ______. | Biome
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| An organism that can make its own food is called a ______. | Producer/autotroph
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| The place where an organism lives and that provides the things an organism needs is called its ______. | Habitat
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| The smallest unit of ecological organization is a single _______. | Organism
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| An organism's particular role in its habitat, or how it makes its living, is called its ____. | Niche
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| A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species is called ___. | Symbiosis
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| The non-living parts of an ecosystem are called _______ factors. | Abiotic
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| All the different populations that live together in an area make up a(n) _____. | Community
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| The study of how things interact with each other and with their environment is called ____. | Ecology
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| The levels of organization for living things from smallest to largest :______. | Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
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