ch. 12 animal structure and function
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| hydrostatic skeleton | a fluid filled internal cavity surrounded by muscle tissue
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| coelom | the fluid filled cavity(SEE-lum)
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| nerve net | a net-like control system that sends signals to and from all parts of the body
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| neuron | basic functioning unit of the nervous system
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| undulation | some animals move in a wavelike motion
example: snakes and eels
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| diffusion | is the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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| spiracles | tiny holes on the surface of an organism where oxygen enters the body and carbon dioxide leaves the body
example: beetles and spiders
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| gills | are organs that enable oxygen to diffuse into an animal's body and carbon dioxide to diffuse out
example: fish
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| exchange | to transfer
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| open circulatory system | is a system that transports blood and other fluids into open spaces that surround organs in the body
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| closed circulatory system | is a system that transports materials through blood using vessels
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| crop | is a specialized structure in the digestive system where ingested material is stored
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| gizzard | is a muscular pouch similar to a stomach that is used to grind food
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| absorption | is the process in which nutrients from digested food are taken into the body
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| 3 structures for support are? | 1. hydrostatic skeleton (ex. earthworm)
2. exoskeleton (ex. crabs and snails)
3. endoskeleton (ex. fish, birds, mammals)
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| exoskeleton | hard outer covering that proviodes support and protection for many invertebrates
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| endoskeleton | a covering that protects internal organs and provides the organism with structure and support like bones or cartilage
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| nerve cord | allows signals to move directly between neurons and the brain (also called spinal cord)
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| function of the circulatory system is to what? | circulatory system and respiratory system work together to supply cells with oxygen and nutrients
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| 3 parts of the circulatory system are? | 1. heart
2. blood vessels
3. blood
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| heart | major organ for pumping blood in your body
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| 3 kinds of blood vessels are? | 1. arteries
2. veins
3. capillaries
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| What is the job of the arteries? | carry oxygenated blood (red) to and away from the heart
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| what is the job of the veins? | carry deoxygenated blood (blue) to the heart
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| what is the job of the capillaries? | bring food and oxygen to the cells and carry waste away (CO2); they are very small
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| blood is made up of what 4 things? | 1. red blood cells
2. white blood cells
3. platelets
4. plasma
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| what is the job of red blood cells? | carry oxygen and CO2
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| what is the job of the white blood cells? | fight pathogens
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| what is the job of the platelets? | to help clot blood
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| what is plasma? | it is the liquid part of the blood
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| what is the flow of blood through the body? | heart -> arteries -> capillaries -> veins -> back to the heart
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| what is the function of the respiratory system? | exchanges oxygen and CO2 between red blood cells, air and cells (diffusion: High to low)
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| what are the 7 main parts of the respiratory system? | 1. nose
2. mouth
3. pharynx
4. larynx
5. trachea
6. bronchiole tubes
7. alveoli
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| where is the pharynx found? | upper part of the throat
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| what does the larynx contain? | vocal cords
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| what is the trachea also known as? | windpipe
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| what are the bronchiole tubes? | two passageways branching into the lungs
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| what is the job of the alveoli? | tiny air sacs where oxygen and CO2 are exchanged
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| what is the function of the skeletal system? | 1. support your body
2. protects organs
3. allows the body to move
4. makes blood cells
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| what are the parts of the skeletal system? | 1. bones
2. ligaments
3. tendons
4. cartilage
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| what is the function of the joint? | where bones meet and allow for movement
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| what are 3 types of joints in your body? | 1. ball and socket joint (shoulder and hip)
2. hinge joint (elbow)
3. pivot joint (neck)
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| what is the function of the nervous system? | control and coordinate "everything"...all movement and all activities of organs and organ systems
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| what are the major parts of the nervous system? | 1. brain
2. spinal cord
3. neurons
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| what is the job of the brain? | control center of the entire body
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| what is the job of the spinal cord? | carries messages to and from brain
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| what is the job of the neurons? | basic nerve cells that carry messages throughout the body
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| what is a nerve net? | primitive "net like" system sending signals throughout a simple organisms body
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| what does the nerve net do? | helps in movement, detecting food and capuring prey
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| what organisms would have a nerve net? | found in organisms with "no brain"
example: jelly fish, sea star, sea anemones, hydras
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