Endocrine Review
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| Describe hypothalmus | -influences thyroid gland along with the pituitary
-serves as link between endocrine and nervous systems
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| Describe pineal gland | -shaped like pine-cone
-attached to posterior part of third ventricle of brain
-secretes hormone melatonin
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| Describe pituitary | -aka hypophysis
-pea-sized organ located at base of brain
-master gland
-regulates many body activities
-stimulates other glands to secrete their own specific hormones
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| 2 hormones by posterior pituitary and their target | ADH-vassopressin,targets kidneys
Oxytocin, targets uterus and breasts
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| Describe thyroid gland | -largest gland
-H shaped organ
-composed of 2 large lobes separated by isthmus
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| 6 hormones by anterior and their target | -ACTH, targets adrenal cortex
-FSH, targets ovaries, testes
-GH, targets bones, cartilage, liver, muscle, and other tissues
-LH, ovaries, testes
-PRL, breasts
-TSH, thyroid gland
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| function of endocrine glands | secrete hormones directly into the blood stream
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| three types of steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex | -mineralocorticoids (kidneys)
-glucocorticoids (body cells)
-sex hormones (female libido)
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| two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and their function | -epinephrine and norepinephrine
function- sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
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| function of the parathyroid glands | increase blood calcium levels
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| where are the adrenal glands located | superior surface of the kidneys
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| three disorders associated with the thyroid gland | -cretinism
-myxedema
-Graves disease
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| signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome | -moon-shaped face
-fatigue
-high blood pressure
-hirsutism
-purple striae
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| what causes acromegaly | hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH)
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| signs and symptoms of type I (IDDM) diabetes | Constant urination
Abnormal thirst
Unusual hunger
The rapid loss of weight
Irritability
Obvious weakness/fatigue
Nausea/vomiting
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| signs and symptoms of type II (NIDDM) diabetes | Drowsiness
Itching
A family history of diabetes (FHx)
Blurred vision
Excessive weight
Tingling, numbing and pain in extremities
Easily fatigues
Skin infections
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| what is the treatment for type I diabetes | insulin
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| abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood | hyponatremia
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| abnormal overgrowth of the entire body | gigantism
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| abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood | hypocalcemia
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| an organ that contains the islets of Langerhans | pancreas
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| balance of the internal environment | homeostasis
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| condition of being abnormally small | dwarfism
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| condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food | polyphagia
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| excessive accumulation of fat in the body | obesity
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| excessive amount of calcium in the blood | hypercalcemia
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| excessive amount of potassium in the blood | hyperkalemia
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| excessive amount of sugar in the blood | hyperglycemia
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| excessive distribution of body hair | hirsutism
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| excessive secretion | hypersecretion
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| extreme depletion of potassium in the blood | hypokalemia
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| formation of glucose from glycogen | glucogenesis
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| human growth hormone | somatotropin
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| inadequate secretion | hyposecretion
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| inner section of the adrenal gland | adrenal medulla
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| lack of development | atrophy
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| marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw | acromegaly
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| mineral salts that carry an electrical charge | electrolytes
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| outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steroids | adrenal cortex
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| presence of glucose in the urine | glucosuria
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| produced in the adrenal medulla, raises blood pressure | norepinephrine
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| protrusion of the eyes | exophthalmos
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| surgical excision of the adrenal gland | adrenalectomy
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| surgical excision of the thyroid gland | thyroidectomy
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| test that measures blood glucose levels after a 12hr fast | fasting blood sugar (FBS)
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| test that measures thyroid function | Thyroid Function Test (TFT) and Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU) tracer
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| the study of ductless glands and their secretions | endocrinology
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| thyroid poisoning | thyrotoxic
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| too little sugar in the blood | hypoglycemia
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| tumor of a gland | adenoma
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| underdevelopment of the internal secretions of male sex hormones | hypogonadism
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| ACTH | adrenalcorticotropic hormone
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| ADH | antidiuretic hormone
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| BMI | body mass index
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| DKA | diabetic ketoacidosis
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| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone
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| GH | growth hormone
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| HRT | hormone replacement therapy
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| K | potassium
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| LH | luteinizing hormone
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| PRL | prolactin
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| RAIU | radioactive iodine uptake
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| T3 | triiodothyronine
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| T4 | thyroxine
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| TFT | thyroid function test
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| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone
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