| Who? |
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| What? |
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| Why? |
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| Benedict Anderson |
coined "Imagined Community" |
1. Culure based upon Location & Commonalities;
2. to be POLITICALLY EXPEDIENT, cultures define themselves by their Traditions;
3. Culture is NESTED
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| Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) |
made the distinctions between Utterance and Underlying Meaning |
1. Underlying Meanings EXPRESSED in different ways;
2. Parole , Langue;
3. Phonology, Morphology |
| Noam Chomsky |
Linguist - DEEP structure |
Deep Structure makes language UNIVERSAL to humans |
| Dell Hymes |
Anthropological Linguist - focus on Surface Utterances |
1. surface utterances defined by Sub-cultures;
2. surface structures |
| Edward Sapir & Benjamin Wharf (1812) |
Sapir-Wharf Hypothesis |
1. Debunked own theory;
2. Culture & Thought patterns influenced Language;
3. can only think about what can be described in Language
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| Levi Strauss |
Anthropological Linguist |
1. Culture is a way to impose ORDER on Environment - using binary order (cold/hot) |
| Franz Boas (1858-1942) |
FOUNDER of American Anthropology |
1. debunked Biologically Defined Cultures;
2. defined Ethnocentrism |
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