Endocrine Reverse Definitions
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| a common pancreatic disorder involving insulin secretion into the blood, either in too much or too little quantities | diabetes mellitus
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| a condition of being abnormally small; may be hereditary or an endocrine dysfunction | dwarfism
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| a condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food | polyphagia
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| a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex | cortisol
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| abnormal amount of glucose in the urine | glycosuria
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| abnormal condition of poisoning of the thyroid gland | thyrotoxicosis
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| abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma in the body | hypervolemia
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| abnormal overgrowth of the entire body caused by hypersecretion of pituitary growth hormone before puberty | gigantism
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| abnormal low amount of calcium in the blood | hypocalcemia
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| acting in opposition; mutually opposing | antagonistic
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| administtration of radioactive iodine in pill or liquid form is used as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid gland takes up iodine from the blood | radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)
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| adrenaline-produced in the adrenal mendulla. Increases heart rate, fat metabolism for energy, and dilates the bronchial tubes | epinephrine
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| agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system | sympathomimetic
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| an acute stage of diabetes mellitus characterized by hypotension and eventually, coma | ketoacidosis
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| an organ that contains groups of cells called the islets of Langerhans which produce endocrine secretions, such as insulin and glucagon | pancreas
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| blood tests to aid in the diagnosis of insulin deficiency | serum glucose tests
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| body mass index of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight | morbid obesity
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| chronic disorder of the adrenal glands caused by a deficiency of cortical hormones | Addison disease
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| cluster of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin and glucagon | islets of Langerhans
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| condition in which the calcium level in the blood is higher than normal | hypercalcemia
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| condition in which the potassium level in the blood is higher than normal | hyperkalemia
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| crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of increased amount of thyroid hormine; also called thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis | thyroid storm
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| diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the vein to assess piti=uitary function, adrenal function, and to determine insulin sensitivity | insulin tolerance test (ITT)
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| disorder caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive production of steroids | Cushing syndrome
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| endoscopic procedure to surgically remove a pituitary tumor through an incision in the sphenoid sinus without disturbing the brain | transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
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| excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight | obesity
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| excessive amount of insulin in the blood - insulin shock | hyperinsulinism
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| excessive amount of sugar in the blood | hyperglycemia
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| excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women | hirsutism
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| excessive secretion | hypersecretion
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| excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism | parathyroidectomy
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| excision of the thymus gland | thymectomy
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| excision of the entire thyroid gland, a part of it, or a single lobe | thyroidectomy
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| extreme depletion of potassium in the blood usually lost in diuresis | hypokalemia
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| formation of glucose from glycogen | glucogenesis
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| four separate glands that are located on the posterior surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland | parathyroid glands
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| glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream | endocrine glands
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| hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that allows body cells to use glucose for energy or store it in the liver as glycogen | insulin
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| hormones in the adrenal cortex that regulate water and mineral salts in the body | mineralocorticoids
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| human growth hormone found in the anterior pituitary lobe | somatotropin
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| hypophysis; pea-shaped gland that is located at the base of the brain | pituitary gland
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| images of the thyroid gland are obtained after oral or intrvenous administration of a small dose of radioactive iodine | thyroid scan
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| imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles | computed tomography (CT)
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| inadequate secretion | hyposecretion
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| increased skeletal growth in children and growth hormone deficiencies in adults | growth hormone replacements
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| increased formation and secretion of urine | diuresis
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| inner section of the adrenal gland which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine | adrenal mendulla
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| lack of development | atrophy
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| largest gland on the endocrine system. Located in the neck just below the larynx | thyroid gland
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| lower blood glucose by promoting its entrance into body cells and converting glucose to glycogen | insulins
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| lower than normal level of sodium in the blood | hyponatremia
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| masculinization or development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman | virilism
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| measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball as seen in Graves disease | exophthalmometry
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| medications used to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin | oral hypoglycemics
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| method of choice for removing a fibrous, nodular thyroid | partial thyroidectomy
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| mineral salts that carry an electrical charge in solution | electrolytes
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| multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos | Graves disease
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| noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images | magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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| noradrenalin; produced in the adrenal medulla. Increases blood pressure and constricts vessels | norepinephrine
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| one of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid. Regulates metabolism and energy levels | thyroxine (T4)
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| one of the two major hormones produced, stored and released by the thyroid gland. | triiodothyronine (T3)
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| outer section section of the adrenal gland that secretes steroids | adrenal cortex
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| pine-coned shaped gland that is attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain | pineal gland
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| process in which substances are broken down or built up during chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life | metabolism
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| protrusion of eyes due to swelling in tissues; often associated with Grave's disease | exophthalmos
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| rare hormone disorder in adulthood, usually caused by a GH-secreting pituitary tumor that promotes the soft tissue and bones of the face, hands, and feet to grow larger than normal | acromegaly
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| reduce or control excretion of urine | antidiuretics
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| removal of most of the thyroid to relieve hyperthyroidism | subtotal thyroidectomy
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| replace or supplement thyroid hormones | thyroid supplements
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| replacement hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency | corticosteroids
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| screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are taken afterward at regular intervals to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood | glucose tolerance test (GTT)
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| small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla, causing elevated heart rate and blood | pheochromocytoma
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| steroid produced in the adrenal cortex. Is essential to life. Maintains sodium and potassium levels | aldosterone
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| steroids in the adrenal cortex that influence the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins | glucocorticoids
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| substance in which carbohydrates are stored in the liver for future conversion into sugar | glycogen
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| surgical excision of an adrenal gland | adrenalectomy
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| surgical excision of the thyroid gland | thyroidectomy
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| test that detects an increase of decrease in thyroid function | thyroid function test (TFT)
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| test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours | fasting blood glucose
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| test that measures calcium to detect bone and parathyroid disorders | total calcium
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| the study of ductless glands, their secretions, and their function of homeostasis | endocrinology
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| thyroid poisoning | thyrotoxic
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| too little sugar in the blood | hypoglycemia
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| total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity | panhypopituitarism
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| treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3 and T4 hormones | antithyroids
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| treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin | oral antidiabetics
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| tumor of a gland | adenoma
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| tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas | insulinoma
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| two bean-shaped glands situated on top of the kidneys which secrete steroid and sex hormones | adrenal glands
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| ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland | thyroid echogram
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| underdevelopment of internal secretions of male sex glands | hypogonadism
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| vasopressin; promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys | antidiuretic hormone
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| excessive thirst | polydipsia
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| hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose | glucagon
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