Everything we need for sixth grade science
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| One Year | One revolution of the Earth around the sun. 365 days
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| One day | one rotation of the earth on its axis
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| Equinoxes | When there is an equal amount of daylight and darkness; spring& fall
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| Solstices | Longest and shortest days of the year. Day is longer than night or vice-versa
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| Solar eclipse | Moon is positioned between the earth and the sun; shadows from the earth and the moon cause eclipses
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| Lunar eclipse | The earth is positioned between the the sun and the moon; shadows from earth and moon cause eclipses
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| Inner planets | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars are mostly solid they are denser than the outer planets
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| Outer planets | Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,Neptune. Gaseous planets
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| Big Bang theory | States that the universe began as a point of energy and matter that exploded which allowed everything in the universe to form
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| Seasons | occur because of the earths axis
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| Gravity | a force that hold all objects of the solar system in place
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| Moon | moon's shadow is why we see phases of the moon
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| Asteroid belt | Separates the inner planets from the outer planets
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| Irregular galaxy | no particular form/shape
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| Elliptical galaxy | oval shaped
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| Spiral galaxy | Frisbee shaped
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| Comet | Chunk of rock and ice, orbits the sun like a planet. Its tail is made when heat from the sun melts the ice and is released into space
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| Meteor | Happens because of the friction of the earth's atmosphere making the meteoroid burn up
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| Meteoriod | Rocks in space
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| Meteorite | A meteoriod that hit the earth's surface is then considered a meteorite
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| Spring tide | When the Earth,Moon,and Sun are all aligned in orbit, very high tides can occur
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| Neap tides | When the Earth,Moon,and Sun form a 90 degree angle, tides are lower than usual
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| Apparent magnitude | How a star appears from the earth
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| Magnitude | Describes a stars brightness
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| Light year | The distance light can travel in one year. It is used to measure extreme distances in space
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| Novas& Super Novas | Exploding stars in space
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| Quasars | are star like objects, that are brighter than stars. Considered to be luminous
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| Pulsars | Stars that pulsate when this happens stars appear to become dimmer and then brighter
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| Electromagnetic Spectrum | The arrangement of electromagnetic waves. Ex. Radio waves, x-rays, microwave
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| Reflecting telescopes | Uses lenses and mirrors to view distant objects
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| Refracting telescopes | Uses lenses to view distant objects
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| Satellite | any natural or man made object that revolves around anther object
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| Asteriod | A large meteoroid in space
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| Constellations | patterns of stars in the sky,can provide a map to locate objects in space
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| Astronomical unit | used sometimes to refer to distances in space
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| Black hole | collapsed star t=whose gravity has grown so great that even light can not escape its atmosphere
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| Geocentric Theory | States that earth is at the center of the solar system
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| Heliocentric Theory | States that the sun is at the center of the solar system
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| Solar System | The sun,planets,and everything else that revolves around the sun. Milky way galaxy
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| Photosphere | The part of the sun that we can see form earth
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| Nuclear fusion | The joining of hydrogen atoms together to make helium atoms
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| Nuclear fission | The splitting of atoms from elements like uranium, which is used on earth to make energy to produce electricity at nuclear power plants
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| Luminous | Gives off its on light
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| Illuminated | Reflects light from other objects
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| Metamorphic rock | Rock that is created by changing other rocks by heat and pressure inside the earth
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| Mineral mica | Breaks with cleavage because the atoms have a regular arrangement which allow this to happen
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| Cleavage | Breaking along smooth flat surfaces
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| Hot spot | Magma rising through the crust of the earth in the same area for a very long time
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| Plate tectonics | The movement of earths crust
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| Coal | Nonrenewable, formed from dead plants that lived millions of years ago. Three diferent types of coal anthracite,bituminous,lignite
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| Anthracite coal | best fro burning because it burns hot and clean which is good for electrical plants
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| Nonrenewable resource | A resource that can not be created at the pace it is being used
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| Renewable resource | resources that can be used over and over again and they will not run out
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| Biomass | living things like trees
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| Erosion | When a weathered material is being moved to a different place by a force, like wind
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| Regional climate | average of all weather conditions in an area over an extended period of time
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| Faulting | breaking and cracking of the earth's crust, during this cracks can happen but hills and mtns. can be formed as well
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| Transform Boundary | Plates sliding past each other. Strike slip fault,shear stress
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| Divergent boundary | Plates moving away . Normal fault,tension stress
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| Convergent boundary | Plates colliding. Reverse fault compression stress
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| Halite | breaks with cleavage and at 90 degree right angles to each other. when halite breaks it looks like cubes
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| Limestone | A lot of the element calcium, can be worn down by other chemicals in the enviornment
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| Chemical weathering | wearing down other elements by the chemicals in the enviornment
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| Mechanical weathering | caused by physical processes like moving water
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| Till&Moraine | debris that are picked up and carried by the glacier
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| Moh's Mineral | scale numbered from one to ten on a mineral hardness
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| Crystal structure | how the crystals in a mineral are formed
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| Compaction | Sediments being pushed together
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| Sedimentary rock | when a rock has gone through the process of Weathering Erosion Deposition Compaction Cementation
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| Igneous rock | can form inside or outside the earth's surface. They are made from magma or lava
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| Granite | a very hard intrusive igneous rock
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| Pluton | giant area formed by cooling magma undergroung
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| Rock cycle | the process of changing a rock from one form to another
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| Shield volcanoe | gently sloping side layers of lava build up creating it
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| Cinder cone volcanoe | steep side,made of tephra, loosely packed materials like ash and dust
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| Composite | looks like a regular mountain with layers of tephra and lave building up
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| Primary earth quake waves | fastest waves
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| Secondary earth quake waves | second fastest
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| surface earth quake waves | third fastest
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| Richter scale | measure the strength of and earthquake
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| Seismograph | instrument that picks up seismic waves
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| Seismologist | scientist that studies earthquakes
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| Specific gravity | it is the ration of the weight of a mineral compared with an equal volume of water
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| Lithosphere | made of the oceanic and continental crust
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| silicon dioxide | sand
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| Ore | a rock that contains metal that can be extracted and used to help humanity
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| Foliated rocks | rocks that from in layers
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| nonfoliated rocks | rocks that do not form in layers
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| cementation | when rocks or particles appear to be glued together
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| continental drift | scientific process used by scientists to explain how one large landmass millions of years ago became the seven continents we know today
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| Deposition | depositing sediments in an area and layers can build up over time
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| Fossil fuels | are nonrenewable, caol, oil
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| Topographic map | a map that shows changes in elelvation
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| Stalacites | cone feature hanging from the top of a cave
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| Stalagmites | cone feature building up from the bottom of the cave
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| Paleontologist | Scientist that studies fossils
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| Paleontology | the study of the past,like fossils and dinosaurs
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| Uniformitarianism | the belief that geologic processes of the past are happening just like they are today, like erosion
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| Catastrophism | the idea that geological change happens suddenly, like an earthquake
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| Superposition | states that younger rocks are found on top of older rocks
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| Seafloorspreading | occurs at mid ocean ridges
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| Seismology | the study of earthquakes
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| Eons | longest time catgory
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| Eras | second longest time period
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| Periods | third largest time period
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| Epochs | fourth largest time period
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| Anticline | formation in which rock layers have been folded upward
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| Syncline | rock layers have been folded downward
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| Convection | when air is heated by sunlight. the air expands rises and eventually turns into a cloud
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| Clouds | form when dense,cold air pushes warm air upward. the air cools and condednses
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| Gulf stream | warm ocean current that can affect the climate of of the northern eastern part of the united states
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| Hail | droplet freeze and grow larger until the force of gravity overcomes the strength of the wind pushing the ice pellets upward
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| Water vaper | humidity
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| Front | boundaries between air masses
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| Cold front | separates cold air from warm air
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| Warm front | separates warm air from cold air
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| Global winds | high pressure polar air and low pressure equatorial air
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| Solar radiation | waves of energy from the sun produce heat on earth
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| Tides | The sun and moon's gravitational pull on the earth making the rise and fall of the ocean
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| Sea&land breezes | the land heats and cools faster than water
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| Hygrometer of psychrometer | measures the amount of humidity in the air
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| Dew point tempurature | the actual tempurature of the air it has to be in order for water vapor to condenses
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| Sea breeze | breeze blowing towards the land from the sea,happens during the day
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| Land breeze | breeze blowing towards the sea from the land,happens at night
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| Aquifer | is a very large area underground that can supply water to thousands of people
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| Earth's water | 70% water 30% land,oceans make up 97% of earth's water 3% is fresh water of which most is glacier and ice caps
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| Subduction | when one plate moves under another
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| Cirrus cloud | high clouds made of ice crystals
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| Cumulus cloud | middle height clouds made of water vapor, fair weather clouds, seen in summer
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| Cumulonimbus clouds | thunderstorm clouds that can produce hail, rain, lightning and tornadoes
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| Nimbostratus cloud | rain clouds that produce drizzle or steady rain but no real sever weather
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| Troposhpere | the lowest layer of earth's atmosphere in which 99% of all weather occurs
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| Stratosphere | above the troposphere and contains the ozone layer that protects us from the sun's harmful rays
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| Greenhouse effect | when carbon dioxide and water vapor trap the sun's heat in earth's atmosphere
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| Coriolis effect | cause air to move left in the southern hemisphere and right in the northern hemisphere
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| Long shore current | movement of water parallel to the beach or coastline
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