Social Studies Ch 1
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| Rocky Mountains | largest mountain system in North America
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| Glacier | Huge slow moving sheets of ice
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| Great lakes | World's largest group of freshwater lakes
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| Tributary | a stream or river that lfows into a larger river
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| Tundra | cold dry region found in the far north. covered with snow for more than half the year.
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| Permafrost | layer of permanently frozen soil
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| Prairie | grasslands
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| Province | political division of Canada
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| Alluvial | fertile topsoil left by a river after a flood
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| Agribusiness | large company that runs huge farms
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| Hydroelectricity | electric power generated by moving water
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| Fossil Fuel | sources of energy formed from animal and plant remains, petroleum, natural gas and coal
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| Continent US & Canada are on | North America
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| Bodies of water that border US & Canada | Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic and Gulf of Mexico
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| Appalachian Mountains | 2nd largest mountain system in the US. Located in the East --stretches North to South for 1,500 miles
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| Laurentian Highlands | These mountains meet the Appalachians in Canada
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| Interior Plains | The area in Canada between the Rockies and the Appalachians. It is lowlands
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| Great Plains | In the US the lowlands between the Rockies and the Appalachians closest to the Rockies on the West. Drier gorw wheat and ranchers raise livestock
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| Central Plains | In the US the lowlands between the Rockies and the Appalachians closest to the Appalachians on the East. Wetter crops are corn and soybeans
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| Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain | Runs along the eastern and southern coasts of the US. Flat fertile land
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| Great Basin | Plateaus and basins west of the Rockies. Bowl shaped region Northeast is the Great Salt Lake. Death Valley in the southwest section
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| Death Valley | In the SW section of the Great Basin. Is below sea level. Hottest place in North America over 125F
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| Coast Ranges | Mountains along the Pacific
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| Sierra Nevada | Mountains in California
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| Cascades | Mountains in Washington
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| Yukon Territory (location) | In Canada, east of Alaska
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| Canadian Shield | a region of rocky, rugged land that covers about half of Canada
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| St. Lawrence Lowlands | Canada's smalles land region. southeast of the shield along the St. Lawrence Lowlands
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| What Rivers and Lakes are used for | transportation, recreation and industry
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| The Great Lakes | Are the world's largest group of freshwater lakes.
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| Name the Great Lakes | Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie and Superior
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| Why the GL are so important | Shipping on the lakes has helped develop both Canada and United States
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| Mississippi River | Largest river in US starts in Minnesota and goes through the Central Plains to the Gulf of Mexico. Important transportation route and one of the busiest waterways in the world. Cargo ships go deliver goods
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| 2 other major US rivers | Missouri, Platte and Colorado
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| Continental Divide | The boundary that separates rivers that flow to the Pacific from those that flow to the Atlantic
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| Mackenzie River | Canada's largest river
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| St. Lawrence River | Canada's 2nd largest river major transportations route from Great lakes to Atlantic Ocean
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| How ships move along St. Lawrence River | through locks and canals
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| Climate | weather patterns that an area has over a long period of time
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| 3 factors that affect climate | latitude, oceans and mountains
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| How each one affects climate | Latitude -- how far from the equator you are is how hot or cold you are. Ocean -- if you are near the ocean the climate is milder because the ocean warms it up If you are very far from oceans you have extreme climates. On the side of the mountain away fro
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| 4 major kinds of vegetation in US & Canada | Tundra, grassland, desert scrub and forest
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| Tundra | Found in far north, cold dry region covered with snow more than half a year.
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| Grasslands | In North America are called prairies. Largest in Central and great plains.
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| Desert Scrub | limited rain fall, desert and semiarid regions with limited vegetation
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| Forests cover | 1/3 of the US and 1/2 of Canada
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| Coniferous trees | have cones that protect their seeds
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| Deciduous trees | shed their leaves in the fall
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| Canadian maple Leaf | Canada's best known symbol it is on its flag. Sugar maple produces maply syrup and maple sugar
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| Mississippi, Ohio & Missouri Rivers | important shipping routes
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| Location of large forests in US | pacific NW, the South, Appalachians and around Great lakes
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| Examples of fossil fuels | petroleum, natural gas and coal
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| Biggest oil reserves in North America | along the northern coast of Alaska
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| Natural gas | mixture of gases found beneath the Earth's surface
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| Major use of natural gas | fuel to heat homes.
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| what coal is used for | to produce electricity and to heat and power industrial facilities
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| Types of products that are mined | copper, gold, iron ore and lead.
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| Percentage of Canadian land suitable for farming | less than 10 percent
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| 2 locations of best Canadian farmland | most are in the Prairie provinces -- for wheat and beef The St. Lawrence Lowlands is grains, milk, vegetabbles and fruit
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| Country with most lakes in the world | Canada
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| Percent of world's fresh water in Canada | 9 percent
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| Location of much of Canada's mineral wealth | canadian shield
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| Examples of minerals found there | iron ore, gold, silver, zinc, copper and uranium
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| location of oil and natural gas in Canada | Prairie Provinces mostly Alberta
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| What rivers of Quebec Province make | hydroelectricity
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| Percentage of US covered by forests | 1/3 of its land
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| Percentage of Canada covered by forests | 1/2 its land
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| Examples of timber products | lumber, paper, plywood and wood pulp
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| major natural resources of US | farmland, forests, water and minerals
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| Major US landform that extends into Canada | Rocky Mountains
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