Apologia Exploring Creation Science Energy & Life Module 12
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| What are Producers? | Organisms that produce their own food
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| How is energy used in your body? | The muscles use energy to contract and relax, the bones use energy to grow and make blood cells, and the skin uses energy to produce hair, skin cells, and nails.
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| What is a consumer? | Organisms that eat living producers and/or other for food.
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| What are the three groups of organisms? | Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers
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| What is a decomposer? | Organisms that "recycle" dead organisms by eating them and fertilizing plants.
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| Is fertilizer plant food? | No, but it acts as a vitamin to make plant food healthier.
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| What is a herbivore? | A consumer that eats producers only.
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| What is a carnivore? | A consumer that eats only other consumers.
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| What is an omnivore? | A consumer that eats both producers and other consumers.
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| What kind of consumer is a giraffe? | herbivore
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| What kind of consumer is a lion? | carnivore
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| Classify grass as consumer, producer, or decomposer: | It makes its own food, so it is a producer.
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| Classify a horse as consumer, producer, or decomposer: | It eats other organisms, like grass, so it is a consumer.
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| Classify a shark as consumer, producer, or decomposer: | It eats other organisms, so it is a consumer.
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| What kind of consumer is a human? | omnivore
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| Classify yeast as consumer, producer, or decomposer: | It is part of the kingdom Fungi, so it is a decomposer.
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| A creature's diet includes leaves, fruit, and certain bugs. Is this creature a carnivore, herbivore, or omnivore? | omnivore
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| The vast majority of energy used by living things comes from the____. | sun
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| Some energy can come from chemical reactions, without sun. What is an example of this? | Deep into the ocean, sunlight cannot penetrate to the ocean floor, but producers still live there.
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| Producers living on the ocean floor live near fissures called ____. | hydrothermal vents
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| How do organisms get energy from food? | A chemical process called "combustion reaction".
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| What does Combustion produce? | energy, carbon dioxide, and water
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| Some science books tell you that the sun “burns” its fuel, producing the light that comes to earth. Based on the fact that astronauts must wear space suits that provide oxygen when they are in space, what can you say about such a statement? | The statement is wrong. The sun does not burn anything, because there is no oxygen in space, where the sun is. The sun uses thermonuclear fusion, a process you will learn about in physical science, to produce the light that reaches earth.
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| Many experienced growers emphatically believe that plants grow better when their caretakers talk to them. Assuming that plants can't really hear us when we talk, what have you learned in this section that might explain such a phenomenon? | The carbon dioxide from our exhaled breath increases the amount of food that the plant can make, and that makes the plant more healthy.
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| What are three things your body can burn effectively? | carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
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| What are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins called? | macronutrients
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| What are simple carbohydrates called? | monosaccharaides or simple sugars
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| Two monosaccharaides linked together become a ___. | disaccharide
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| What is an example of a disaccharide? | table sugar (glucose and fructose link up)
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| What is the scientific name for table sugar? | sucrose
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| When many monosaccharaides link up, they form a ____. | polysaccharide
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| Name a polysaccharide you are familiar with. | starch (many glucose and many kinds of carbohydrates link together)
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| What is an example of a monosaccharaide or simple sugar? | glucose
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| What does your body burn first? | carbohydrates
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| The cells in your brain will only burn carbohydrates for ___. | energy
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| When your body runs low on carbohydrates, it will burn ____, and save the carbohydrates for your brain. | fats or proteins
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| Proteins are formed when ___ link together in long chains. | amino acids
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| You must eat protein in order to get these. | the nine essential amino acids
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| Vitamins and minerals that food contains are called ___. | micronutrients
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| When you no not eat any fat, your fat level will go ____. | up; because when you eat too many carbohydrates and proteins they can convert to fat.
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| Humans use energy for the purpose of keeping our internal temperature constant...this is called ____. | endothermic or warm-blooded
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| The vast majority of organisms cannot control their internal temperature...this is called ___. | ectothermic or cold-blooded
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| Ectothermic organisms require ___ food. | less
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| Why will a reptile move slowly on a cold day? | Their internal temperatures are low, so the chemical reactions in their bodies run slower.
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| An animal eats three times its own weight in food each day, while another eats less than its own weight in food every day. Most likely, which one is the endothermic animal? | Most likely, the first animal is endothermic. Endothermic animals need a lot more energy in order to keep their internal temperature fairly constant.
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| What is BMR or basal metabolic rate? | The rate at which your body burns energy just to perform the minimum functions to keep you alive.
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| What is metabolic rate? | The total rate at which your body uses energy.
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| How many calories should an average 14-15 year old boy eat a day? | 2,500-3,000
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| Typically, who needs more energy/calories each day? | boys and men
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| Your metabolic rate is based on ____. | BMR and the amount of activity your are involved in every day.
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| In order to release gentle energy, cells break up the combustion process into ___. | three steps
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| What are the steps of the combustion process? | glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport system
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| What happens in the glycolysis, step 1? | Glucose is broken into two parts: hydrogen and energy
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| What happens in the Krebs Cycle, step 2? | The two parts of broken glucose are used to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and more hydrogen.
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| What happens in the electron transportation system, step 3? | The hydrogen produced in steps 1 and 2 combines with oxygen to make water and energy.
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| Since most of the combustion process takes place within it, Mitochondrion is referred to as the ___. | powerhouse of the cell
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| If there were no oxygen available to an organism, could it produce any energy? | Yes, the organism could still produce some energy. Oxygen is not needed until step 2 (the Krebs cycle). Thus, step 1 does not need oxygen.
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