Tick-Borne Diseases
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| Life Cycle of Ticks = ? | * 2 year life cycle and Bd Feeding is needed to progress in life cycle stages.... * Eggs-Larva-Nymph-Adults-Eggs
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| Deer or Blacked legged tick = ? ... Lone Star Tick = ? .... Dog Tick = ? | *lxodes ..... * Lone Star Tick ... * Dermacentor
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| Common Diseases caused by ticks in North America = ? | * Lyme -- Relapsing fever -- Rocky Mountain spotted fever -- Human monocytic ehrlichiosis and granulocytic anaplasmosis -- Southern tick associated rash illness (STARI)
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| Causes Lyme Disease and How it is Spread = ? | * From Borrelia burgdorferi..... * We get it from a tick that has fed on an infected mouse or deer
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| Bor. Burg. Transmission = ? | * No transovarial transmission = mother tick can NOT give eggs the disease, they have to get it from a Bd meal
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| Borrelia Characteristics = ? | * Looks like treponema, but Larger.... * Stain with Wrights or Giemsa Stains.... * Lack Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)
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| Lyme Disease Vector = ? | * Ixodes Ticks
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| Borrelia infection stages = ? | * Resemble Syphilis... * 1)eryth. migrans, flu Sx (Days - Wks)....* 2)Worse Sx (Weeks - Months).... * Persistent Infection (Months - Years)
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| Top CxSx we see = ? | * Rash and Arthritis
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| Borrelia Pathogenesis = ? | * Virulence Factors = outer surface proteins (Osp) to allow attachment to cells.... * Host Osp A LOWERS while Osp C will RISE..... * If tick is removed within the first 24 hrs of it attaching, disease can be prevented
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| Lab Dx of Borrelia = ? | * ELISA, Western Blot, or PCR
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| How do you treat Borrelia ? | * DOC: Doxy... * Avoid tick vectors ... * wear anti-tick spray (DEET)
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| What causes Relapsing Fever ? | * Caused by a variety of Borrelia species
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| CxSx of Relapsing Fever = ? | * Sudden onset of sweats, fever, chills, and headache --> Resolves for days to weeks --> Relapse
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| Relapsing Fever Differential Dx = ? | * Depends on the Hx of travel, residential, occupational, and recreational exposures
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| Relapsing Fever Dx and TmT = ? | * Dx = PCR.... * TMT = Tetracycline or Erythromycin
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| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) basics = ? | * The most lethal and most frequently reported rickettsial illness in the United States
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| State that is a hot bed for RMSF = ? | NC
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| RMSF is Caused by ? | * Rickettsia rickettsii = Tiny G - Rods and they depend on the host for ATP
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| Type of transmission of Rickettsia = ? | * Transovarial transmission = female tick can transmit R. rickettsii to her eggs (tick can serve as reservoir)
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| RMSF Vector = ? | * Dermacentor Tick
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| Pathogenesis of Rickettsia Rickettsii = ? | * Systemic Disease..... * Enter phagocytes and mutiply, then use the hosts ACTIN to propulse themselves through the phagosome and cause cell death/injury/necrosis
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| RMSF CxSx = ? | * Difficult Clinical Dx ... * Abrupt Fever, Chills, and unremitting and severe frontal HA... * Hemorrhagic rash (extremities to trunk)
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| RMSF Dx and TmT = ? | * Dx = PCR.... * TmT = Doxy and avoid vectors or use DEET spray
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| Human Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis basics = ? | * Anaplasmosis = destroy granulocytes.... * Ehrlichiosis = destroy monocytes
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| Human Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis CxSx = ? | * Cx similar to RMSF with lower incidence of rash... * see leukopenia and thrombocytopenia
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| Vector and Disease that causes ANAPLASMOSIS = ? | * Caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilia, that we get by being bitten by the black-legged or deer tick (Ixodes)
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| What we see in Anaplasmosis in stains or imaging ? | * Morulae = cluster of intracellular coccobacilli, inside of a Neutrophil
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| Vector and Disease of Ehrlichiosis ? | * Caused by Ehrlichia chafeensis, that we get from being bit by a Lone Star Tick
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| What an EM shows in Ehrlichiosis ? | * Morulae in the WBC
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| How Morulaes are formed = ? | * Disease is endocytosed into a cell where it is not destroyed, but replicates
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| Lab Dx/Testing and Tmt for Ana. and Ehrl. = ? | * Dx = PCR...... * TmT = Doxy and avoid vectors and use DEET
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| Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness (STARI) basics = ? | * A rash similar to the rash of Lyme disease has been described in humans following bites of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum..... * Evidence looks like Borellia, but it isn't
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