Sociology
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| Benefits of Sociological Perspective | Empowers us to be active participants in society, helps us see the opportunities and constraints in our lives, and helps us critically assess "commonsense" ideas.
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| Structural-Functional Approach | framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability
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| Jane Addams | a sociological pioneer whose contribution began in 1889 when she helped found Hull House, a Chicago settlement that provided help to immigrant families.
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| Three broad categories used to rank the level of economic development in different nations | High-income, middle-income, low-income nations.
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| Lois Benjamin | Researcher investigated the effects of racism on talented African American men and women
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| Critical sociology | Sociology views reality where some categories of people dominate others.
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| Steps in the sociological research process | What have others already learned? Are there ethical concerns? How will I share what we have learned?
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| New science of sociology was grounded on three factors | Growth of cities, political change, industrial technology.
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| Cultural changes are set in motion in three ways | Diffusion, discovery, and invention
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| Considered a counterculture in the United States | members of militant religious groups, members of Al-Qaeda, Hippies in the 60s
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| Cultural universals | Funeral rites, family, and jokes
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| Gerard Lenski's major levels of development | agriculture and industry, horticulture and pastoralism, hunting and gathering
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| The level of human development at which individuals first see causal connections in their surroundings is | Concrete operational stage
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| The level of moral development at which people move beyond their society's norms to consider abstract ethical principles is: | Postconventional level
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| This researcher investigated the broader view of socialization throughout the life course | Erik Erikson
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| Harry and Margaret Harlow conducted the rhesus monkey study and concluded that: | isolation caused irreversible behavioral and emotional damage to the monkeys.
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| Elisabeth Kubler-Ross described death as an orderly transition involving five specific stages | negotiation, acceptance, resignation
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| George Herbert Mead's theory of the social self | By taking the role of another, we become self-aware, social experience is the exchange of symbols, to understand intention, you must imagine a situation from the other's point of view.
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| Culture, in the form of ________, represses selfish demands, forcing people to look beyond their own desires | the superego
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| Personality is a person's fairly consistent patterns | thinking, talking, and feeling
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| A grandson, teenager, and Puerto Rican are examples of | Ascribed statuses
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| A high school graduate, car license holder, truck driver, and soccer player are examples of | Achieved statuses
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| A football coach enjoys being friendly with the other workers. At the same time, however, the coach must maintain personal distance to evaluate the players. This is an illustration of | Role Strain
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| Thomas theorem | Situations that are defined as real are real in their consequences.
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| Erving Goffman coined the term ____________,which is a person's efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others | the presentation of self
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| Importance of gender and performance | use of space, demeanor, smiling, staring, touching.
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| Humor arises as people create and contrast two different realities. The two realities are: | conventional and nonconventional reality
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| The study of the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings is | ethnomethodology
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| All the statuses that a person holds at a given time is | A Status Set
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| A job, a person's name, or having a serious illness, can all be | Master Statuses
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| Functions of humor | to be a safety valve to vent potentially disruptive sentiments, to provide a way to discuss an opinion on a sensitive topic without being serious, to relieve tension in uncomfortable situations.
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| How does culture guide emotions? | What value we attach to emotions, what triggers emotions, how we display emotions.
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| leadership is appropriate for promoting the well-being of members and for raising group moral | Expressive
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| is a focus on rules and regulations to the point of undermining an organization's goals | Bureaucratic ritualism
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| Problems of bureaucracy as presented by Weber | bureaucratic inertia, ritualism and inefficiency, and alienation.
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| Taylor's scientific management | Management provides guidance and incentives to workers,Management observes workers,Managers analyze data to discover ways for efficiency.
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