principles of development
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| Child Development | The pattern of change that occurs as children grow from birth to adolescence.
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| Motor Skills | Ablities that depend on the use and control of muscles.
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| Physical Development | Growth of the body (height and weight)as well as its abilities (motor skills).
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| Cognitive Development | Intellectual development that occurs as children learn to think, understand, reason, and use language.
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| Emotional Development | Children acquire feelings about themselves, others, and the world.
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| Social Development | Children learn how to relate and interact with others.
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| Moral Development | Children develop beliefs and attitudes about what is important (values).
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| Development is Interrelated | You can't isolate the different domains of development because different areas stimulate and reinforce each other.
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| Development is Similar for All | Development follows a similar pattern for everyone, all over the world.
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| Maturation | The gradual process of development as each stage unfolds.
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| Rates of Development are Individual | Each child is a unique individual so rates of development are unique to each child. All children will not learn to walk at exactly 1 year of age, even though that is the "average" age at which children learn to walk.
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| Development is Ongoing and Builds on Earlier Learning | People change and continue to grow throughout their lifetimes. You are never too old to learn.
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| Development is Sequential | Development follows an orderly sequence or step-by-step pattern.
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| Cephalocaudal | Development proceeds from the head downward. Children master body movement and coordination from the head down.
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| Proximodistal | Development proceeds from the center or trunk of the body outward to the arms and legs.
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| Development proceeds from general to specific | Children acquire simple skills before progressing to more complex skills. Children walk before they skip.
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| Development proceeds from large to small | Children develop gross (large) motor skills before fine (small) motor skills.
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| Self-concept | The picture individuals carry in their minds of who they are, what they can do, and what they are like.
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| Self-esteem | How people feel about they way they see themselves, or sense of self-worth.
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| Heredity | Biological make-up that children inherit from their parents.
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| Environment | Influences such as people, surroundings and experiences.
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