Pharmacology Related to Addiction
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| Psychiatric drugs | drugs used to treat forms of mental illness.
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| Psychotropic medication | the different name for psychiatric drugs
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| Biomedical model | The definition of the biomedical model holds that abnormal thoughts and behaviors result from abnormal biochemical process in the brain
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| Antipsychotic drugs | drugs to treat symptoms of schizophrenia
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| Schizophrenia | major mental illness, "cut off " from a sense of reality. Symptoms include hallucinations and delusional thinking,
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| Delusions | ideas with no foundation of reality
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| Caratonic | symptom in schizophrenia patient, is rigid , prolonged body posture.
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| Typical anti-psycotic drugs | majority of available anti-psychotic drugs, possible Parkinson's-like side effects.
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| Tardive Dyskinesia | serious side effect of treatment with first-generation (typical) anti-psychotic drugs.Ex. jerky movements of face and lips, unsteadiness in walking and rocking when seated.
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| Atypical anti-psychotic drugs | anti-psychotic drugs that don't cause Parkinson's-like side effects
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| Agranulocytosis | potentially deadly blood disorder associated with the anti-psychotic drug clozapine
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| Anti-depressants | drugs prescribed and used for treatment of depression
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| Monamine Oxidase (MAO) | an enzyme that breaks down dopamine, nor-epineohrine or serotonin at their respective synapses in the brain
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| MAO inhibitors | 1st generation antidepressants that reduce the effects of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the brain
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| Tricyclic Anti-depressants | class of 1st generation anti-depressant drugs. BN Elavil
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| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI's) | a group of anti-depressants that slow down the reuptake of serotonin at synapses in the brain
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| Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI's) | a group of anti-depressants that slow down the reuptake of serotonin and norepinepheine at synapses in the brain
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| Mainia | mood disorder characterized by agitation, bursts of energy and impulsiveness
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| Bipolar Disorder | mood disorder in which patients swings back and forth between feelings of depression and mania
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| Litium Carbonate | psychiatric drug used in the treatment of mania or bipolar disorder
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| Autism | a form of dvlmt disability, typically shows during the first 3 years of life. That effects the normal dvlmt of the brain in areas of social comm and comm skills. Autistic kids & adults have a hard time in verbal and nonverbal talk and emotional response
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| Off-label usage | the practice of prescribing the use of particular education, even if the drug in question has not been FDA-approved for that purpose
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| Deinstitutionalization | the social policy of encouraging mentally ill individuals to be treated in community-based programs rather than in large mental hospitals
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| Parkinson's-like symptoms | side effects of typical anti-psychotic drugs, involving a fixed facial expression and difficulty walking
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| Sedative-hypnotics | a category of drugs that give a sense of calm.
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| Anti-anxiety drugs | drugs that make the user feel peaceful. Also known as tranquilizers
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| Inhalants | chemicals that give breathable vapors. They give euphoriant and depressant effects
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| Barbiturate | a drug in the family of depressant acid used for calming effects and anti-epileptic
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| Phenobarbital | long-acting barbiturate
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| Amobarital | and intermediate-acting barbiturate BN Amytal
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| Pentobital | a short-acting barbiturate BN Nembutal
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| Secobarbital | a short-acting barbiturate BN Seconal
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| REM-sleep rebound | phenomenon associated with the withdrawal from barbs. its REM increases resulting disturbed sleep and nightmares
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| Chloral Hydrate | a depressant drug once used for sleep. Can't take with alcohol causes illness.
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| Methaqualone | a non-barbiturate depressant drug once used for sedation.BN Quaalude
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| Methrobamte | a non-barbiturate anti-anxiety drug and sedative. BN Miltown.
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| Benzodiazepines | family of anti-anxiety drugs. Examples are diazepam (valum)
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| Chlordiazepocide | a major benzodiazepine drug for anxiety. BN Librium
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| Diazepam | a major benzodiazepine drug for anxiety
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| Zolpidem | a nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hynotic, introduced in 1993 for sleep.
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| Eszopiclone | a non-benzodiazepine sedative-hynotic, introduced in 2005 for sleep.
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| Buspirone | a non-benzodiazepine anti-anxiety drug introduced in 1986
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| Beta Blockers | traditionally used to treat cardiac and blood pressure disorders. Also prescribed to people who suffer from "stage fright" or anxiety. Ex. atenolol (BN:Tenormin)
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| Ganna-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) | a strong depressant, often abused for sleep and sedation. When slipped into alcohol it could be a date-rape drug
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| Nitrous Oxide | a pain relieving gas referred to as laughing gas
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| Whippets | small containers holding pressured nitrous oxide
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| Hypoxia | a deficiency in oxygen intake
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| Ether | an anaesthetic drug first introduced to surgical practice by William T. Morton in the 1840s
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| Acetone | a chemical found in nail polish removers and other products
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| Benzene | a carcinogenic 9cancer-producing compound found in many solvent products,representing a serious health risk when inhaled
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| Hexane | a dangerous compound present in many glues and adhesive products. Inhalation of these products has been associated with muscle weakness and atrophy.
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| Toluene | a compound in glues, cements and other adhesive products. Inhalants of these products results in behavioral and brain impairments.
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| Triorthocresyl Phoshate | a gasoline additive. Inhalation of TCP- containing gasoline has been linked to spastic muscle disorders and liver problems.
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| Oil of mustard | an addictive form of glue that produces nose irritation. resulting in potential inhalant abuse
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| Describe the ways in which psychoactive medications can affect the neurotransmitter receptor system | Psychoactive drugs affect neurotransmitters by interrupting how the neurotransmitters affects the cell by either blocking or over producing an impluse
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| What is the major problem in the administration of clozpine (clozaril) in the treatment of Schizophrenia? | -can develop lethal blood disease
-loss of white blood cells
-decline in the immune system
-clozaril blocks D4 receptors which is why motor difficulties do not arise
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| Describe the dopamine hypothesis of the action of anti psychotics | anti psychotics tend to block receptors in the brains dopamine pathway
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