click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 4&5
Pharmacology Related to Addiction
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Psychiatric drugs | drugs used to treat forms of mental illness. |
Psychotropic medication | the different name for psychiatric drugs |
Biomedical model | The definition of the biomedical model holds that abnormal thoughts and behaviors result from abnormal biochemical process in the brain |
Antipsychotic drugs | drugs to treat symptoms of schizophrenia |
Schizophrenia | major mental illness, "cut off " from a sense of reality. Symptoms include hallucinations and delusional thinking, |
Delusions | ideas with no foundation of reality |
Caratonic | symptom in schizophrenia patient, is rigid , prolonged body posture. |
Typical anti-psycotic drugs | majority of available anti-psychotic drugs, possible Parkinson's-like side effects. |
Tardive Dyskinesia | serious side effect of treatment with first-generation (typical) anti-psychotic drugs.Ex. jerky movements of face and lips, unsteadiness in walking and rocking when seated. |
Atypical anti-psychotic drugs | anti-psychotic drugs that don't cause Parkinson's-like side effects |
Agranulocytosis | potentially deadly blood disorder associated with the anti-psychotic drug clozapine |
Anti-depressants | drugs prescribed and used for treatment of depression |
Monamine Oxidase (MAO) | an enzyme that breaks down dopamine, nor-epineohrine or serotonin at their respective synapses in the brain |
MAO inhibitors | 1st generation antidepressants that reduce the effects of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the brain |
Tricyclic Anti-depressants | class of 1st generation anti-depressant drugs. BN Elavil |
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI's) | a group of anti-depressants that slow down the reuptake of serotonin at synapses in the brain |
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI's) | a group of anti-depressants that slow down the reuptake of serotonin and norepinepheine at synapses in the brain |
Mainia | mood disorder characterized by agitation, bursts of energy and impulsiveness |
Bipolar Disorder | mood disorder in which patients swings back and forth between feelings of depression and mania |
Litium Carbonate | psychiatric drug used in the treatment of mania or bipolar disorder |
Autism | a form of dvlmt disability, typically shows during the first 3 years of life. That effects the normal dvlmt of the brain in areas of social comm and comm skills. Autistic kids & adults have a hard time in verbal and nonverbal talk and emotional response |
Off-label usage | the practice of prescribing the use of particular education, even if the drug in question has not been FDA-approved for that purpose |
Deinstitutionalization | the social policy of encouraging mentally ill individuals to be treated in community-based programs rather than in large mental hospitals |
Parkinson's-like symptoms | side effects of typical anti-psychotic drugs, involving a fixed facial expression and difficulty walking |
Sedative-hypnotics | a category of drugs that give a sense of calm. |
Anti-anxiety drugs | drugs that make the user feel peaceful. Also known as tranquilizers |
Inhalants | chemicals that give breathable vapors. They give euphoriant and depressant effects |
Barbiturate | a drug in the family of depressant acid used for calming effects and anti-epileptic |
Phenobarbital | long-acting barbiturate |
Amobarital | and intermediate-acting barbiturate BN Amytal |
Pentobital | a short-acting barbiturate BN Nembutal |
Secobarbital | a short-acting barbiturate BN Seconal |
REM-sleep rebound | phenomenon associated with the withdrawal from barbs. its REM increases resulting disturbed sleep and nightmares |
Chloral Hydrate | a depressant drug once used for sleep. Can't take with alcohol causes illness. |
Methaqualone | a non-barbiturate depressant drug once used for sedation.BN Quaalude |
Methrobamte | a non-barbiturate anti-anxiety drug and sedative. BN Miltown. |
Benzodiazepines | family of anti-anxiety drugs. Examples are diazepam (valum) |
Chlordiazepocide | a major benzodiazepine drug for anxiety. BN Librium |
Diazepam | a major benzodiazepine drug for anxiety |
Zolpidem | a nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hynotic, introduced in 1993 for sleep. |
Eszopiclone | a non-benzodiazepine sedative-hynotic, introduced in 2005 for sleep. |
Buspirone | a non-benzodiazepine anti-anxiety drug introduced in 1986 |
Beta Blockers | traditionally used to treat cardiac and blood pressure disorders. Also prescribed to people who suffer from "stage fright" or anxiety. Ex. atenolol (BN:Tenormin) |
Ganna-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) | a strong depressant, often abused for sleep and sedation. When slipped into alcohol it could be a date-rape drug |
Nitrous Oxide | a pain relieving gas referred to as laughing gas |
Whippets | small containers holding pressured nitrous oxide |
Hypoxia | a deficiency in oxygen intake |
Ether | an anaesthetic drug first introduced to surgical practice by William T. Morton in the 1840s |
Acetone | a chemical found in nail polish removers and other products |
Benzene | a carcinogenic 9cancer-producing compound found in many solvent products,representing a serious health risk when inhaled |
Hexane | a dangerous compound present in many glues and adhesive products. Inhalation of these products has been associated with muscle weakness and atrophy. |
Toluene | a compound in glues, cements and other adhesive products. Inhalants of these products results in behavioral and brain impairments. |
Triorthocresyl Phoshate | a gasoline additive. Inhalation of TCP- containing gasoline has been linked to spastic muscle disorders and liver problems. |
Oil of mustard | an addictive form of glue that produces nose irritation. resulting in potential inhalant abuse |
Describe the ways in which psychoactive medications can affect the neurotransmitter receptor system | Psychoactive drugs affect neurotransmitters by interrupting how the neurotransmitters affects the cell by either blocking or over producing an impluse |
What is the major problem in the administration of clozpine (clozaril) in the treatment of Schizophrenia? | -can develop lethal blood disease -loss of white blood cells -decline in the immune system -clozaril blocks D4 receptors which is why motor difficulties do not arise |
Describe the dopamine hypothesis of the action of anti psychotics | anti psychotics tend to block receptors in the brains dopamine pathway |