Midterm Review (Units 1-6)
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Identifying with another person's feelings is? | Empathy
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| Having integrity and being truthful (admitting mistakes so they can be corrected) is? | Honesty
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| Being reliable in work performance (perform assigned tasks on time and accurately is? | Dependability
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| Being prepared for lifelong learning to maintain competence is? | Willingness to learn
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| Being qualified and capable to perform a task is? | Competence
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| Using comments of others, constructive or negative to improve performance is? | Acceptance of criticism
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| Enjoying your work and having a positive attitude is? | Enthusiasm
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| being able to determine things that must be done and doing them without constant direction (ability to begin and follow through with a task) is? | Self-motivation
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| Saying or doing the right thing in a situation is? | Tact
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| Being tolerant and understanding (learning to deal with frustration and overcoming obstacles) is? | Patience
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| Being accountable for actions and behavior is? | Responsibility
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| Using good judgment in actions and words (observing the patient's right to confidential care and watching what you say and do) is? | Discretion
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| Working well with others is? | Team player
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| What the patient feels (pain, nausea, dizziness, hunger, itching) is considered? | Subjective information (symptom)
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| What can be seen or measured (heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, respiratory rate, weight, height, redness, swelling) is considered? | Objective information (sign)
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| A person's measured weight is an example of? | Objective information (sign)
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| A person's self-reported pain level is an example of? | Subjective information (symptom)
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| HIPAA stands for? | Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act
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| HIPAA is regulates what? | Confidential information should not be disclosed (given) to anyone without paper authorization or permission.
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| Criminal law is? | Focuses on wrongs against a person, property or society.
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| Civil Law is? | Focuses on legal relationships between people and the protection of a person's rights.
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| Tort is? | A civil wrong; where a person's behavior has caused someone harm.
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| Negligence is? | Failure to give care that is normally expected of a person in a particular position with resulting injury to another person (ex: Bath water too hot.
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| Malpractice is? | Failure of a professional to use the skill/learning normally expected in a particular profession resulting in injury, loss, or damage to the person receiving care; "professional negligence" (ex: Amputating the wrong limb).
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| Abuse is? | Any action that results in physical harm, pain or mental anguish.
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| An example of physical abuse is? | hitting, kicking
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| An example of verbal abuse is? | yelling, name calling
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| An example of psychological abuse is? | Threats/intimidation
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| Sexual abuse is? | Unwanted sexual touching
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| Assault is? | Any threat/attempt to injure another person.
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| Battery is? | Unlawful touching of another person without their permission (Ex: performing a procedure on a patient without their consent).
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| Invasion of privacy is? | Unnecessary exposure of an individual or revealing personal information about an individual without permission (Ex: not closing the door during a patient exam).
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| False imprisonment is? | Restraining an individual or restricting an individual's freedom by making statements that are false.
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| Defamation is? | Damaging a person's name/reputation by making statements that are false.
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| Slander is? | Spoken defamation
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| Libel is? | Written defamation.
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| Privileged information is? | Any/all information concerning patients should only be shared with the hospital employees who are caring for that patient.
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| Exemptions to privileged information are? | births/deaths, suspected abuse (injuries resulting in violence), drug abuse and infectious diseases.
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| Ethics is? | Set of principles dealing with what is morally right or wrong.
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| An advance directive is? | A patient's instructions, usually related to end-of-life issues regarding what medical treatment they want or do no want if they are unable to express their wishes.
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| A living will is? | Document allowing individuals to state what measures should or should not e used to prolong life if their condition is terminal.
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| A power of attorney is? | Document permitting another individual to appoint another person to make any decisions regarding health care if the patient is unable to make those decisions.
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| Ancient Times (4000-3000BC) | Illness/disease caused by supernatural spirits and demons
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| Ancient Egyptians (3000-300BC) | Earliest people to maintain health records
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| Ancient Egyptians (3000-300BC) | Mummified corpses showed signs of arthritis, kidney stones and arteriosclerosis
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| Ancient Chinese (1200BC-220AD) | Treat whole body by cursing spirits and nourishing the body; recorded herbal medications; used acupuncture to treat pain
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| Ancient Greeks | Illness was result of natural causes; believed in disease prevention; studied effects of disease and the human body
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| Hippocrates | "Father of Medicine"
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| Hippocrates | Organized disease by signs and symptoms
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| Hippocrates | Created high standards of ethics used by physicians (Hippocratic Oath)
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| Sign | Objective patient observation
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| Symptom | Subjective patient observation
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| Sign | Fever
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| Symptom | Pain
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| Sign | Swollen ankle
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| Symptom | Nausea
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| Ancient Romans | Established hospitals (for injured soldiers)
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| Ancient Romans | Developed public sanitation systems (aqueducts for clean water, sewers for waste)
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| Dark Ages (400-800 AD) | Emphasis on saving soul and study of medicine prohibited
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| Middle Ages (800-1400 AD) | Bubonic plague killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia
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| Arab physician Rhazes | Began using animal gut for suture material
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| Renaissance (1350-1650AD) | The rebirth of science & medicine; dissection of the human body began
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| Leonardo DaVinci | Studied corpses and drew the human body more realistically
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| Printing Press | Allowed knowledge to be spread
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| Anton Van Leeuwenhoek | Invented the microscope
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| Ambroise Pare | Father of modern Surgery
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| William Harvey | Described circulation of blood to/from the heart
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| Ambroise Pare | Used ligatures to bind arteries to stop bleeding
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| Gabriel Fahrenheit | Invented 1st mercury thermometer
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| Benjamin Franklin | Invented bifocals
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| Benjamin Franklin | 1Discovered colds could be passed from person to person
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| Edward Jenner | Developed smallpox vaccination
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| Rene Laennec | Invented the stethoscope
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| Florence Nightingale | Founder of modern nursing
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| Florence Nightingale | Start nursing schools
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| Robert Koch | Father of microbiology; developed way to grow bacteria on culture plates
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| Ignaz Semmelweiss | Encouraged hand-washing
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| Gregory Mendel | Established principles of heredity (traits can be passed from parents to children)
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| Louis Pasteur | Discovered that microorganisms cause disease and how to kill them (pasteurization of milk)
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| Wilhelm Roentgen | Discovered x-rays
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| Joseph Lister | First doctor to use antiseptic during surgery
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| Sigmund Freud | Formed the basis for psychiatry and psychology
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| Clara Barton | Founded the American Red Cross
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| Sir Alexander Fleming | Discovered penicillin
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| Jonas Salk | Discovered polio vaccination
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| Crick and Watson | Described DNA structure
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| HIPAA | Ensures privacy of patient information
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| Diagnostic Related Group (DRG) | Classifying patients with certain disease in one payment group
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| DRG | Diagnostic Related Group
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| Hopsital | Provides INPATIENT care.
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| Hospitals are classified by funding; list the four funding types. | 1) Proprietary/for profit 2) nonprofit 3) government 4) Religious
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| Hospitals are classified by services; list the two service types. | 1) General 2) Specialty
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| Long-term healthcare facility | Provides care for elderly, people with physical or mental disabilities and people with chronic or long-term illness.
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| Nursing home | For live-in patients who no longer can care for themselves
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| Assisted Living | self-sufficient person pays a fee to live in a unit with BASIC services
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| Independent living | patients live in a "Senior Living Community" and use ONLY the services they need
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| Emergency Care | Provide special care for accidents or sudden illness (risk of losing life, limb or eye sight)
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| Medical Offices | Provide diagnosis, treatment, examination, basic laboratory testing & minor surgery; usually operated by a group of group of physicans
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| Dental Offices | Provide dental exams, cleaning and treatments for a variety of disorders
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| Clinics | Provide a variety of OUTPATIENT services
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| Optical Centers | Provide vision exams; prescribe eye glasses or contact lenses
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| Medical Labs | where diagnostic test are processed (usually blood or urine specimens)
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| Dental Labs | where implants, dentures and other corrective devices for the mouth are made
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| Home Health Care | Provide care to patients who are terminally ill
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| Palliative Care | Comfort care for the terminally ill
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| Mental Health | Provide care of patients who have mental illness and disorders
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| List 4 types of Mental Health Services | 1) Counseling 2) Psychiatric 3) Chemical abuse 4) Phsycial abuse
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| Genetic Counseling Centers | Provide testing & counseling to individuals or couples who are pregnant or considering pregnancy
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| Regabilitation | Provide services to help patients with physical or mental disabilities develop maximum ability for self-care
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| List 3 examples of rehabilitative therapy | 1) Physical therapy 2) Occupational therapy 3) Speech therapy
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| Industrial Health Centers | Onsite clinic within a large industry or employer that provides basic exams, accident/illness prevention and wellness programs
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| School Health Services | Provide health screenings, health education, and emergency care to students and staff, along with recommendations for a safe/sanitary school environment
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| Local Health Departments | provide immunizations, inspections for health and sanitation, statistics and records, health education or clinics
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| Voluntary/nonprofit agencies | 1organizations focus on specific disease; educate public
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| List two examples of a voluntary/nonprofit agency | 1) American Red Cross 2) American Cancer Society
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| How do voluntary/nonprofit agencies receive funding? | Supported by donations, membership feeds, fundraisers and grants
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| Associate's Degree | awarded by vocational/technical school or community college; requires completion of prescribed two-year course of study
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| Bachelor's Degree | Awarded by college or university; requires completion of prescribed course of study that usually lasts for four or more years
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| Master's Degree | Awarded by a college or university; requires completion of one ore more years beyond a bachelor's degree
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| Doctorate Degree | Awarded by college or university; requires completion of two or more years beyond a bachelor's or master's degree; some require four to six years of additional study
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| Aide/Assistant | Up to one year of training (classroom and on-the-job training); examples: Dental assistant, nursing aide
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| Technician | Associate's degree, or on-the-job training; examples: dental laboratory technician, surgical technician
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| Technologist | 3-4 years of college (bachelor's degree), plus work experience; examples: Occupational Therapist, Respiratory Therapist
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| Professional | 4 years of college (bachelor's) and an advanced degree; examples: dentist, physician, nurse
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| Therapeutic Services Cluster/Pathway | Maintain or change the health status of the patient over time; examples: nurse, physician, physical therapist, occupational therapist, speech therapist
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| Diagnostic Services Cluster/Pathway | Create a picture of patient health at a single point and time; examples: Electroencephalographic technologist, medical laboratory technician, radiologic technician
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| Health Informatics Cluster/Pathway | Provide functions that support and document patient care; examples: admitting clerk, epidemiologist, medical librarian
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| Support Services Cluster/Pathway | Provide a therapeutic environment for the delivery of health care; examples: central supply worker, housekeeper
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| Biotechnology Research & Development Cluster/Pathway (Environmental) | uses scientific and technical advancements to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic abilities in health care; examples: biomedical engineer, forensic scientist
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| Purpose of the National Health Care Skill Standards (NHCSS) is | Developed to indicate knowledge and skills expected of health care workers in a specific cluster/pathway
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| Preventing illnesss | #1 cost containment strategy. Prevent illnesses before they can occur.
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| Mass/bulk purchasing | Buying supplies and equipment in bulk to get a lower per unit price (Costco/Sam's Club philosophy)
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| Combination of Service | Combining similar services. For example, all medication dismemberment goes through a pharmacy vs. each Medical Office having their own pharmacy to issue medications.
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| Outpatient Services | Administer healthcare as much in outpatient clinics versus checking them in as inpatients at a hospital.
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| HIPAA stands for? | Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act
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| HIPAA is regulates what? | Confidential information should not be disclosed (given) to anyone without paper authorization or permission.
🗑
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| Criminal law is? | Focuses on wrongs against a person, property or society.
🗑
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| Civil Law is? | Focuses on legal relationships between people and the protection of a person's rights.
🗑
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| Tort is? | A civil wrong; where a person's behavior has caused someone harm.
🗑
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| Negligence is? | Failure to give care that is normally expected of a person in a particular position with resulting injury to another person (ex: Bath water too hot.
🗑
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| Malpractice is? | Failure of a professional to use the skill/learning normally expected in a particular profession resulting in injury, loss, or damage to the person receiving care; "professional negligence" (ex: Amputating the wrong limb).
🗑
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| Abuse is? | Any action that results in physical harm, pain or mental anguish.
🗑
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| An example of physical abuse is? | hitting, kicking
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| An example of verbal abuse is? | yelling, name calling
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| An example of psychological abuse is? | Threats/intimidation
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| Sexual abuse is? | Unwanted sexual touching
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| Assault is? | Any threat/attempt to injure another person.
🗑
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| Battery is? | Unlawful touching of another person without their permission (Ex: performing a procedure on a patient without their consent).
🗑
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| Invasion of privacy is? | Unnecessary exposure of an individual or revealing personal information about an individual without permission (Ex: not closing the door during a patient exam).
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| False imprisonment is? | Restraining an individual or restricting an individual's freedom
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| Defamation is? | Damaging a person's name/reputation by making statements that are false.
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| Slander is? | Spoken defamation
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| Libel is? | Written defamation.
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| Privileged information is? | Any/all information concerning patients should only be shared with the hospital employees who are caring for that patient.
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| Exemptions to privileged information are? | births/deaths, suspected abuse (injuries resulting in violence), drug abuse and infectious diseases.
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| Ethics is? | Set of principles dealing with what is morally right or wrong.
🗑
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| An advance directive is? | A patient's instructions, usually related to end-of-life issues regarding what medical treatment they want or do no want if they are unable to express their wishes.
🗑
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| A living will is? | Document allowing individuals to state what measures should or should not e used to prolong life if their condition is terminal.
🗑
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| A power of attorney is? | Document permitting another individual to appoint another person to make any decisions regarding health care if the patient is unable to make those decisions.
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| Abraham Maslow | Develop Hierarchy of Needs
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| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs states... | that the lower needs must be met before a person can work towards meeting the higher needs.
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| Maslow's order for the Hierarchy of Needs are... | 1) physiological, 2) safety and security, 3) love and affection, 4) esteem and 5)self-actualization
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| Physiological needs | Food, water, oxygen, elimination of waste, protection from temperature extremes and sleep
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| Safety and security needs | Free from fear and anxiety; feel secure in the environment; order and routine help provide safety & security
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| Love and affection needs | Sense of belonging; give and receive friendship and love
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| Esteem needs | Feeling important and worthwhile; gain a sense of self-respect when get approval and appreciation from others
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| Self-Actualization needs | Person is who they want to be; Are confident and willing to express their beliefs and stick to them.
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| Why do health care providers need to know Maslow's Hierarchy of needs? | Meet patient needs according to their hierarchical order.
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| Defense Mechanisms | Unconscious actions used to cope with difficult situations
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| Displacement | Transferring feelings to be expressed through or to less meaningful objects or people.
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| Compensation | Substituting one goal for another goal in order to achieve success
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| Daydreaming | Dreamlike thought process that occurs when a person is awake
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| Repression | Transfer of unacceptable or painful thoughts into the unconscious mind
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| Supression | Similar to repression, but the individual is aware of the unacceptable thoughts and refuses to deal with them
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| Denial | Disbelief of an event or idea that is too frightening or shocking for a person to cope with.
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| Withdrawal | Ceasing to communicate or physically removing yourself from a conflict or painful situation.
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| Growth & Development Types: | Physical (body changes); Mental (mind development); Emotional (feelings); Social (interactions and relationships with others
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| Infancy (Birth to 1 year) | Physical (rapid growth); Mental (become aware of their surroundings); Emotional (begin to show emotions) Social (Self-centered to recognition of others)
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| Early Childhood (1-6 years) | Physical (bladder/bowel control & mature muscular system); Mental (rapid verbal growth); Emotional (Self-awareness & learning to control emotions); Social (Separation anxiety & play alongside kids)
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| Late Childhood (6-12 years) | Physical (muscular coordination = sports & activities); Mental (learn problem solving); Emotional (distinct personality); Social (shift from individual activities to group & make friends)
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| Adolescence (12-20 years) | Physical (puberty); Mental (increase knowledge & skills); Emotional (establishing self-identity); Social (more peer association)
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| Early adulthood (20-40 years) | Physical (development complete & childbearing years); Mental (college, marriage, career, family decisions); Emotional (many stressors); Social (away from peer groups toward own mate/family)
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| Middle adulthood (40-65 years) | Physical (graying hair, wrinkles, muscle tone loss & decrease in hormones); Mental (understanding of life & self and able cope with stress); Emotional (period of satisfaction); Social (family relationships decline)
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| Late Adulthood (65+ years) | Physical (decline of body systems); Mental (short-term memory decline); Emotional (Distress - retirement, death of spouse, financial concerns & physical changes); Social (loss of self-identity w/retirement & isolation)
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| Terminal illness | any disease that cannot be cured
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| Elizabeth Kubler-Ross | Leading expert in the field of death and dying
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| Denial | First stage of death and dying process; refuses to believe
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| Anger | Second stage of death and dying process; when no longer able to deny
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| Bargaining | Third stage of death and dying process; accepts death, but wants more time
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| Depression | Fourth stage of death and dying process; realizes death will come soon
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| Acceptance | Fifth stage of death and dying process; understands and accepts the fact they are going to die
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| Hospice Care | Offers palliative care only, usually in patient's home, and gives patient right to die with dignity and comfort
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| Palliative care | comfort care only
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| Living Will | Advance directive that allows a person to state their wishes about medical treatments for the end of life in writing in the even that they cannon communicate those wishes directly.
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| Power of Attorney | Advance directive that appoints a person that will be authorized to deal with all medical situation when you cannot speak for yourself.
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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