Drugs of Abuse - Pharm
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| Positive Reinforcement = ? | * Animal does something, and get a reward with a drug directly in to the brain.... * Spot for reward pathway = nucleus accumbens and VTA
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| Neurotransmitter released during + reinforcement at the Nucleus Accumbens and VTA = ? | * Dopamine.... * targeting the mesolimbic pathways
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| Some circuits involved with activation of the Nucleus Accumbens and VTA = ? | * mvt, judgement, reward, memory, coordination ,vision and sensations
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| Even after successful withdrawal and prolonged drug-free periods, addicts are at a high risk of ? | * Relapse
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| Pharmacokinetic Tolerance = ? | * Reduction of [drug] OR shorter duration of action in a target system--- Have to take more drug to get same effect after awhile
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| Pharmacodynamic Tolerance = ? | * Change in receptor function (desensitization and receptor internalization)
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| Cross-Tolerance = ? | * people tolerant to one drug in a class are likely going to be tolerant to other drugs in the same class
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| Fastest way to get a cocaine high (snort or smoke?) ? | * Smoking has a faster high (IV is still slightly faster)
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| Gi/o-coupled receptor drugs = ? | * Opioids, cannabinoids, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, hallucinogens
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| Ionotropic receptors or ion channel drugs = ? | * Nicotine, alcohol, benzodiazepines, dissociative anesthetics, some inhalants
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| Monoamine transporter activation drugs = ? | * Cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy
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| These drugs alter perception WITHOUT causing sensations of reward and euphoria = ? | * Non-addictive Drugs of Abuse
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| Non-addictive Drugs of Abuse and their MoA = ? | * Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) – activates serotonin receptors in the PFC
.....* Phencyclidine (PCP) and Ketamine – inhibition of the glutamate NMDA receptor..... * Gamma-hydroxybuturate (GHB)
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| Drug that exceeds all other forms of addiction = ? | * Nicotine = Selective agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR)
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| Nicotine TmT = ? | * nicotine gum/patch... * Buproprion or Varenicline (a partial nAchR agonist) stops craving
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| Most used drug in the world = ? | * Caffeine.... * Inhibits dopamine release --> causes mild stimulation
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| Benzos MoA and basics = ? | * bind to GABA-a receptors... * need to taper off, no cold turkey
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| Cocaine routes = ? | * injected, inhaled, or smoked
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| Cocaine MoA = ? | * PNS: cocaine inhibits voltage-gated Na+ channels
.... * CNS: blocks the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin through there respective transporters
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| CNS MoA simplified = ? | * cocaine stops the reuptake of NE in the NE transporters, increasing NE in the synaptic cleft.... * with NE not going back in the NET to be stored, vessicles make more NE (thinking it is depleted) and release more
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| Cocaine on D2 receptors = ? | * Cocaine abuser = fewer dopamine rec available… (due to tolerance)
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| Amphetamine MoA = ? | * reverse the action of dopamine and norepinephrine transporters, enter the cell and interfere with vesicular monoamine transport
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| MoA simplified = ? | * Same effect as Cocaine, different MoA.... * Amphets. get taken up by NET, the cell thinks there is too much NE in the vessicle --> sends NE back out the NET to the synaptic cleft
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| Amphetamine administration = ? | * Taken initially in pill form, but can smoked or injected
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| Ecstasy = ? | * MDMA (mollys).... * MOA: similar to amphetamines, binds to the serotonin transporter increases extracellular serotonin.....* Ravers, cause dehydration and they drink water and get water intox that leads to seizures
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| Cathinones = ? | * Bath Salts = CNS stimulant and can see stuff
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| Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) | * Pharmacological actions mediated through GABA -B receptor... * Date Rape drug
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| LSD = ? | * No addiction or dependence
..... * Induce perceptual symptoms (i.e.shape and color distortion)
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| Cannabinoids = ? | * THC inhibits presynaptic GABA neurons in the VTA which enhances dopamine neurotransmission
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| **Medical Uses of Marijuana** | .
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| Basics = ? | * Can be recreational, decriminalized, or for medical use
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| Decriminalization = ? | * decriminalization means no prison time or criminal record for first-time possession of a small amount for personal consumption. The conduct is treated like a minor traffic violation
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| Dronabinol = ? | * “Synthetic THC” oral medication = Antiemetic and appetite stimulant (Schedule III)
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| Nabilone = ? | * Oral medication = Antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy (schedule II)
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| Medical Marijuana Uses = ? | * Cancer, Pain, Psych issues, HIV/AIDS, Neurodegenerative Disorders
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