Questions Surgical and Microbiolody
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| A small incisional cataract surgery with IOL is called? This usually happens in the posterior chamber. | Phacoemulsification
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| ______________ lenses are usually placed within the capsular bag for better fixation. If this is not possible, then can be placed in the ciliary sulcus. | Intraocular
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| What are the two types of IOLs? | Posterior and Anterior
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| What used to be performed to prevent sympathetic ophthalmia? | Enucleation
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| What is sympathetic ophthalmia? | A bilateral diffuse severe uveitis following trauma to one eye. Can leave both eyes blind. Now prevented with steriods.
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| What is enucleation? | Removal of the entire globe.
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| What is evisceration? | Removal of contents of the globe, leaving sclera intact to enclose synthetic ball.
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| After you put a sample on an agar tube, plate ,or in a broth solution you must do what to promote growth? | Incubate at 37 degrees Celsius
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| What is the liquid medium containing beef extract and peptone? | Nutrient broth
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| What is the solid media containing beef extract, peptone, and agar? | Nutrient agar
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| Agar is a complex polysaccharide and provides a framework for what? | Holds moisture and nutrients. Allows microbe growth.
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| What is the process called where you can place different antibiotic discs on agar plates to determine bacterial resistance? | Culture and Sensitivity
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| What happens with a C&S? | Ring of inhibition of growth of microbe will show sensitivity to the antibiotic. If there is no ring of inhibition the bacteria is resistant to the antibiotic.
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| What is a C&S used for? | Allows physician to pick the best antibiotic for that species of bacteria.
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| What type of stain is used most commonly for bacteria identification? | Gram Stain
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| What are the types of stains used to identify bacteria? | Gram stain, Methylene blue, Crystal Violet, KOH (potassium hydroxide- for fungi).
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| How do you determine a positive and a negative gram stain? | A positive gram stain is purple and a negative is red.
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| What are endospores? | They are the killers. They are resting dormant cells produced by gram + genera. They are the hardiest of all life forms.
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| How long can endospores live? | They are on the verge of immortal, living 250 million years.
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| What doesn't kill endospores? | Extremes in heat, drying, freezing, radiation, and chemicals
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| What DOES kill endospores? | Pressurized steam at 120 degrees Celsius for 20-30 minutes (autoclave sterilization).
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| What are the three shapes of bacteria? | Cocci, Bacilli, and Spiral
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| What are some characteristics of cocci bacteria? | Spherical/ Staphylococci- most common cause of lid infections (gram+)
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| What are some characteristics of bacilli bacteria? | Rod-shaped / Pseudomonas- contaminant of fluorescein
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| What are some characteristics of spiral bacteria? | helical, comma, twisted rod, spirochete / syphilis- cornea, retina involvement
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| What are Rickettsia's? | Very tiny gram negative bacteria. Most are pathogens that alternate between mammals and fleas, lice, or ticks.
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| What are some characteristics of Rickettsia's? | Obligated intracellular pathogens/ cannot survive or multiply outside of a host cell / cannot carry out metabolism on their own.
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| What are some examples of Rickettsia's? | Pickettsia prowazekii -Epidemic typhus / Rickettsia rickettsia - Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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| What are mycoplasmas? | Smallest bacteria / range in shape from filamentous to coccus or doughnut shaped / atypical pneumonia in humans/ TB
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| What is used to diagnose mycoplasmas (TB)? | PPD skin test
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| What is a pathogenic bacteria most commonly associated with STD's and neonatal conjunctivitis? | Chlamydia
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| What type of blood tests are used to diagnose syphilis, RA, immune disorders, and antinuclear antibodies? | Serological tests
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