Gastrointestinal System Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| rugae | microscopic longitudinal folds in the stomach, unfolds as stomach fills(mucus membranes in interior lining of stomach); secrete hydrochloric acid and enzymes
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| accessory organs of the GI system | liver, pancreas, gallbladder
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| four divisions of the colon | ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
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| functions of the liver | produce bile; remove glucose from blood; store vitamins (B12,A,D,E&K); destroy/transform toxic products to less harmful; maintain normal glucose level; destroy old RBCs and release bilirubin; produce proteins that aid in blood clotting
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| three main components of large intestine | cecum, colon, rectum
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| three main parts of stomach | body, fundus, pylorus
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| two structure that form roof of mouth | hard palate, soft palate
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| medical term for mouth | oral cavity
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| another name for GI tract | alimentary canal
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| villi | microscopic finger-like projections in small intestine that absorb nutrients in chyme
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| where peristalsis occurs | GI tract (from pharynx to anus)
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| where digestion is completed | small intestine
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| what is volvulus | intestinal twisting that causes obstruction (life-threatening)
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| hemorrhoids | enlarged veins in the mucus membrane of the anal canal
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| causes of Hepatitis A | ingestion of contaminated food, water, or milk
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| diverticulitis | condition in which small blister-like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine (may balloon through intestinal wall)
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| ulcerative colitis | chronic inflammatory disease of large intestine and rectum; begins in rectum or sigmoid colon and extends upward into entire colon
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| where ulcers are commonly found | stomach (gastric ulcers), duodenum (duodenal ulcer)
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| where inguinal hernias develop | in groin where abdominal folds of flesh meet the thighs
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| disorder associated with high risk of colon cancer | ulcerative colitis
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| ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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| deglutition | Act of swallowing
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| regurgitation | Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
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| fecalith | fecal concentration
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| cholelithiasis | formation of gallstones
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| flatus | gas in the GI tract
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| anorexia | lack or loss of appetite, resulting in inability to eat
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| serum bilirubin | measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
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| halitosis | offensive, or bad breath
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| melena | passage of dark-coloured, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices
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| steatorrhea | passage of fat in large amounts in the feces
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| lithotripsy | procedure for crushing a stone
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| eructation | producing gas from the stomach
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| peristalsis | progressive, wave-like movement
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| upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS) | radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
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| lower gastrointestinal series | radiographic examination of the rectum and colon
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| cholecystogram | radiographic record of the gallbladder
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| borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance
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| cirrhosis | scarring and dysfunction of the liver
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| obstipation | severe constipation
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| pyloric stenosis | stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
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| anastamosis | surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one another
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| aerophagia | swallowing air
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| ingest | to eat
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| hematemesis | vomiting of blood
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| malabsorption | when nutrients are digested but not taken in by the intestinal tissues
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| oral leukoplakia | white pates that form on the tongue, lips, or cheek
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| Ba | barium
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| BaE, BE | barium enema
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| BM | bowel movement
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| CF | cystic fibrosis
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| CT | computed tomography
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| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
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| GB | gallbladder
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| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease
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| GI | gastrointestinal
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| HBV | hepatitis B virus
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| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome
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| LFT | liver function test
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| PE | physical examination
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| PMH | past medical history
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| PUD | peptic ulcer disease
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| R/O | rule out
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| RGB | Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
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| STAT | immediately
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Created by:
DawnLangridge
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