Terms and conditions of the Gastroenterology unit.
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| albumin | the major protein molecule in the blood, produced by the liver
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| anus | the external opening of the rectum, located between the buttocks
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| benign | non-cancerous
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| bile | a yellow-green, bitter-tasting thick fluid produced by the liver, a combination of bile acids, mucus, fluid and 2 pigments
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| bile duct | ducts which transport bile from the liver to the duodenum, collectively known as the biliary tree
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| bilirubin | the yellow pigment in bile
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| biliverdin | the green pigment in bile
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| cardia | small area where the esophagus enters the stomach
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| cecum | a short sac-like portion of the large intestine
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| Crohn | a type of inflammatory bowel disease
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| chime | partially digested food, saliva, and digestive enzymes in the stomach and small intestine
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| colon | the longest part of the large intestine, traveling through all four quadrants of the abdomen
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| diverticulum | weakness in the wall of the colon where the mucosa forms a pouch or tube.
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| duodenum | a 10-inch C-shaped segment beginning at the stomach and ending after the jejunum
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| elimination | undigested materials and water are eliminated from the body in a solid waste form
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| emesis | the expelling of food from the stomach through the mouth
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| enema | liquid instilled into the rectum and colon
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| enzymes | proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body
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| esophagus | a flexible, muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach
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| feces | (also stool) formed, solid waste composed of undigested material, bacteria, and water that is eliminated from the body
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| flatus | gas produced by bacteria that inhabit the large intestine
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| fundus | rounded, most superior part of the stomach
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| gallbladder | a teardrop-shaped, dark green sac posterior to the liver which concentrates and stores bile from the liver
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| gluten | a mixture of insoluble plant proteins occurring in cereal grains, chiefly corn and wheat, used as an adhesive and as a flour substitute.
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| gravidarum | pregnancy
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| haustra | pouches in the wall of the large intestine that expand to accommodate the bulk of undigested materials
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| hernia | weakness in the muscle of the diaphragm or abdominal wall. The intestine bulges through the defect.
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| ileum | a 12-foot segment of the small intestine where absorption of nutrients is completed
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| ileus | abnormal absence of peristalsis in the small and large intestines
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| intestine | the lower part of the alimentary canal, extending from the pylorus to the anus
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| jejunum | the 8-foot, second part of the small intestine which twists and turns in the abdominal cavity
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| liver | a large, dark, red-brown organ located in the upper abdomen
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| lumen | open channel inside a tubular structure such as the esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine
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| omentum | an extension of the peritoneum which supports the stomach and hangs down as a fatty apron to cover and protect the small intestine
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| meconium | a thick, sticky, green-to-black waste that is passed after birth
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| melena | dark, tar-like feces that contains digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach
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| mesentery | a thick fan-shaped extension of the peritoneum, which supports the jejunum and ileum
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| mucosa | mucous membrane that lines the gastrointestinal system and produces mucus
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| nausea | an unpleasant, queasy feeling in the stomach that precedes the urge to vomit
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| pancreas | a yellow, lumpy gland posterior to the stomach which secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum
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| palate | the hard bone and posterior soft tissues that form the roof of the mouth
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| patent | open
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| pedunculated | having a thin stalk that supports an irregular, ball-shaped top
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| peritoneum | a double-layer serous membrane , one lining the abdominopelvic cavity, the other surrounds each of the organs
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| pharynx | the passageway for food as well as inhaled and exhaled air
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| polyp | small, fleshy benign or precancerous growth in mucosa
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| pyloris | one of four regions of the stomach
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| rectum | a short, straight segment of colon that connects to the outside of the body
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| reflux | a flowing back; regurgitation
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| rugae | thick, deep folds of gastric mucosa that expand as the stomach fills with food
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| saliva | a lubricant that moistens food as it is chewed and swallowed, also containing an enzyme that begins digestion
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| sessile | a mound with a broad base
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| sigmoid | the last portion of the colon which bends toward the midline and joins the rectum
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| stool | (also feces) a solid waste form of undigested materials and water
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| sphincter | a muscular ring
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| stoma | an artificial permanent opening especially in the abdominal wall made in surgical procedures
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| ulcer | erosion of tissue
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| uvula | fleshy hanging part of soft palate, plays a role in speech and during swallowing
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| varix, varices | swollen, protruding vein(s)
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| villi | small, thin structures that project into an area, in the small intestine they increase the surface area to maximize absorption of food and nutrients through the intestinal wall into the blood.
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