PFT_Terms_Chapter6
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| addiction | a compulsive disorder that leads to continued use of a drug despite harm to the user
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| afferent system | the nerves and sense organs that bring information to the CNS; part of the peripheral nervous system
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| alpha receptors (alpha-adrenergic receptors) | nerve receptors that control vasoconstriction, pupil dilation, and relaxation of the GI smooth muscle in response to epinephrine
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| amide | a compound containing a -CONH- group; a longer-acting local anesthetic that is metabolized by liver enzymes
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| analgesic | a drug that alleviates pain
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| analgesic ladder | a guideline for selecting pain-relieving medications according to the severity of the pain and whether agents lower on the ladder have been able to control the pain
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| anesthesiologist | a physician who oversees administration of anesthesia during surgery
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| antagonists | drugs used to reverse the effects of other drugs, such as in treatment of benzodiazepine or narcotic overdoses
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| anticholinesterase | a drug that potentiates the action of acetylcholine by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks acetylcholine down
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| aura | a subjective sensation or motor phenomenon that precedes and marks the onset of amigraine headache
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| autonomic nervous system (ANS) | the part of the efferent system of the PNS that regulates activities of body structures not under voluntary control
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| beta-1 receptors | nerve receptors on the heart that control the rate and strength of the heartbeat in response to epinephrine
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| beta-2 receptors | nerve receptors that control vasodilation and relaxation of the smooth muscle of the airways in response to epinephrine
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| central nervous system (CNS) | the brain and spinal cord
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| dependence | a physical and emotional reliance on a drug
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| efferent system | the nerves that dispatch information out from the CNS; part of the peripheral nervous system
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| endotracheal intubation | insertion of a tube into the trachea to keep it open
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| ester | a compound containing a -COO- group; a short-acting local anesthetic, metabolized by pseudocholinesterase of the plasma and tissue fluids
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| general anesthesia | a condition characterized by reversible unconsciousness, analgesia, skeletal muscle relaxation, and amnesia on recovery
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| local anesthesia | the production of transient and reversible loss of sensation in a defined area of the body
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| malignant hyperthermia | a rare, but serious, side effect of anesthesia associated with an increase in intracellular calcium and a rapid rise in body temperature
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| migraine headache | a severe, throbbing, unilateral headache, usually accompanied by nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and hyperesthesia
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| narcotic analgesic | pain medication containing an opioid
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| neuromuscular blocking | skeletal muscle paralysis
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| neuron | a nerve cell that transmits information
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| neurotransmitter | a chemical substance that is selectively released from a neuron and stimulates or inhibits activity in the neuron's target cell
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| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) | a drug such as aspirin or ibuprofen that reduces pain and inflammation
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| opiate | a narcotic that is either derived from opium or synthetically produced to resemble opium derivatives chemically
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| opioid | a substance, whether a drug or a chemical naturally produced by the body, that acts on opioid receptors to reduce the sensation of pain
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| pain | the electrical activity in afferent neurons with sensory endings in peripheral tissue with a higher threshold than those of temperature or touch; a signal to warn of damage or presence of disease; the fifth vital sign; classified as acute, chronic nonmali
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| patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump | a means of pain control whereby the patient can regulate, within certain limits, the administration of pain medication
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| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | the nerves and sense organs outside the CNS
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| somatic nervous system | the part of the efferent system of the PNS that regulates the skeletal muscles
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| vascular theory | a theory that proposes that migraine headaches are caused by vasodilation and the concomitant mechanical stimulation of sensory nerve endings
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