The Endocrine System
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| adams apple | protrusion in neck caused by fold of thyroid cartilage
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| adenohypophysis | anterior lobeof pituitary gland
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| adrenal cortex | outer portion of aderenal gland; controls metabolism, inflammation, Na and P rentention and effects of stress
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| adrenal gland | situatied on top of kidney
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| adrenlaine | secreted by adrenal medull
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| adrenal edulla | inne portion of adrenal glands; release large quantities of hormones during stress
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| adrenocorticotropic hormone | hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; control adrenal cortex
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| aldosterone | hormone secreted by adrenal cortex; mineralocorticoid
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| alpha cells | specialized cells tht produce glucagon in pancreas
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| androgen | any male hormone
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| antidiuretic hormone | posterior pituitary hormone tht increases water reabsorpition
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| bet cells | specialized cells that produce insulin in pancreas
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| calcitonin | hormone secreted by thyroid gland otherendocrine glands helps control blood calcium levels
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| catecholamines | hormones released in response to stress
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| corticosteroids | steroid produced by adrenal cortex
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| cortisol | hydrocortisone
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| ductless gland | endocrine gland
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| electroyte | substance that conducts electricity and is decomposed by it
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| endocrine gland | gland that secretes substances into bloodstream insteead of into ducts
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| exocrine gland | gland that releases substance through ducts to specific location
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| follicle stimulating hormone | hormone released by anterior pitutiary to aid in production of ova and pserm
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| gland | organized mass of tissue secreting and excreting substances
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| glucagon | released by pancreas to increase blood sugar
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| glucocorticoids | released by adrenal cortex
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| glycogen | converted glucose stored in liver for future use
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| gorwth hormone | released by anterior pituitary for stimulating growth
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| hormone | substance secreted by glands and carried in bloodstream to various parts of body
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| hypophysis | pituitary gland
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| hypothalamus | gland in nervous system releases hormones to aid in regulating pituitary hormones
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| inhibiting factor | substance in hormone that prevents the secretion of other hormones
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| insulin | substance released by pancreas to lower blood sugar
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| islets of langerhans | specialized cells in pancreas that release insulin and glucagon
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| isthmus | narrow band of tissue connencting the tow lobes of thyroid gland
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| luteinizig hormone | hormone released to aid in maturation of ova and ovulation in femail, secretion of testerone in males
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| melanocyte stimulating hormone | released by pituiatry gland; aids in development of melanin pigment in skin
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| melatonin | released by pineal gland affects sexual function and sleep pattersn
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| metabolism | chemical changes in cells that provide energy for vital processes and activities and thru which new material is assimilated
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| mineralocorticoid | steroid secreted by adrenal cortex
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| neurohypophysis | posterior lobe of pituitary gland
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| norepinephrine | secreted by adrenal medulla
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| oxytocin | released by posterior pitutiary gland to aid in uterine contractions and lactation
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| ovary | reproductive gland in femals that secrete hormones in endocrine system
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| pancreas | gland of both endocrine anddigestive system
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| parathormone | parathyroid hormone
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| parathyroid gland | 1 of 4 located adjavcent to thyroid gland on its dorsal surface that help maintain levels of blood ca
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| parathyroid hormone | hormone released by parathyroid glands to help raise blood Ca leels
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| pineal gland | located above pituitary gland secretes melatonin
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| pituitary gland | majour endocrin gland; secretes hormones esesstial to metabolic functions
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| receptor | targe cell with properties compatible with particular substance
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| releasing factor | substance in hormone that allows secretion of other hormon
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| somatotrophic | homone secrete by anterior pituitary gland important in growth and development
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| suprarenal gland | adrenal gland
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| sympathomimetic | mimicking functions of sympathetic nervous system
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| target cell | cell with receptor that are compatible with specific hormones
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| tstis | male organs that secrete hormones in endocrine
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| thymus gland | part of immune systema s well as endocrine aids in maturation of T and B cells
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| thyroid gland | two lbes located on either side of trachea help control blood Ca levvels and metabolic functions
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| thyroid stimulating hormone | secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates release of thyroid hormones
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| thyroxine | compound found in or maunfactured for thyroid gland helps regulate metabolism
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| triiodothyronine | thyroid hormone that stimulates growth
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| vasopressin | hormone secreted by piuitary gland; raises blood pressure
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| adeno | GLAND
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| ADRENO; ADRENALO | ADRENAL GLANDS
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| gluco | glucose
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| glyco | glycogen
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| gonado | sex glands
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| pancreato | pancreas
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| parathyroid | parathyroid
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| thryo thryoido | thyroid gland
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| acth | adrenocorticotropic hormone
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| adh | antidiuretic hormone
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| crh | corticotropin realsing hormone
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| dm | diabetes melllitus
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| ot | oxytoxin
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| fsh | follicle stimulating hormone
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| gh | growth hormone
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| gtt | glucose tolerance tset
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| hcg | human chorionic gonadotropin
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| iddm | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
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| lh | luteinizing hormone
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| msh | melanocyte stimulating hormone
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| niddm | noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus
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| pg | prostaglandins
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| prl | prolactin
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| pth | parathyroid hormone
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| sth | somatotrpin hormone
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| tsh | thyroid stimulting hormone
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| blood sugar | test for glucose in blood
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| fasting blood sugar | test for glucose in blood following fast of 12 hours
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| glucose tollerance test | blood test for body's ability to metabolize carbs taken after 10-12 hr fast then repeated every hour for 4-6 hours after ingetsion of sugar solution
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| glucosulated hemoglbin a1c | blood tst for an average of glucose levels over the previous 2-3 months
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| postprandial blood sugar | test for glucos in blod two hours after meal
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| radioactive immunoassay | test for measuring hormone levels in plasma; taken after radioactive solution is ingested
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| radioactive iodine uptake | test for how quickly thyroid gland pulls in ingested iodine
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| thyroid function test | test for levels of tsh t3 t4 in blood plasma to determine thyroid function
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| thyroid scan | imaging test for thyroid abnormalities
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| urine sugar | test for diabetes determined by presence of sugar in urine
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| acidosis | abnormal accumulation of ketones in body
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| acromegaly | abnormally enlarged features resulting from pituitary tumor and hypersecretion of growth hormone
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| addison's disease | underactivity of adrena glands
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| cushings syndrome | group of symptoms caused by overactivity of adrenal glands
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| diabetes insipidus | condition caused by hypo secretion of atidiuretic hormone
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| diabetes nephropathy | kidney disease due to diabetes
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| diabetic neuropathy | loss of snesation in extremities due to diabetes
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| diabetic retinopathy | gradual loss of vision due to diabetes
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| dwarfism | abnormally stunted growth caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone congenital lack of thyroid gland or genetic defect
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| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of eyes typical of graves disease
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| gigantism | abnormall fasat and lareg growth casued by hypersecretion of growth hormone
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| glucosuria | glucose in urine
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| glycosuria | glucose in urine
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| graves disease | overactivity of thyroid gland
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| goiter | abnormally enlargement of thyroid gland
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| hirsutism | abnormal hari growth due to an excess of androgens
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| hyperadrenalism | overactivity of adrenal glands
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| hyperparathroidism | overactivity of parathyroid glands
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| hypersecretion | abnormally high secretion
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| hyperthyroidism | overactivity of thyroid gland
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| hypo adrenalism | underactivity of adrenal glands
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| hypoglycemia | abnormally low level of glucose in blood
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| hypoparathyroidism | underactivity of parathyroid gland
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| hyposecretion | abnormally low secretions
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| hypothyroidism | underactivity of thyroid gland
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| ketoacidosis | condition of high acid levels caused by abnormal accumulation of ketones in body
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| ketosis | condition caused by abnormal elease of ketones
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| myxedema | advanced adult hypothyroidism
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| pancreatitis | inflammation of pancreas
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| poludipsia | excessive thirst
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| polyuria | exxcessive excretion of urin
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| syndrome in inapprpriate adh | excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone
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| tetany | neurological sndrome usually due to decrease serum levels of Ca in blood
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| thyrotoxicosis | state of dangerousl high levels of thyroid hormones
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| type I diabetes | endocrine disorder with abnormally low or completely absent levels of inslin; insulin dpendent diabetes mellitus
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| type II diabetes | diseasecaused by failure of body to recognize insulin that is present or by and banormally low level of insulin; noninsulin dependent diabtetes mellitus; adult onset
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| virilism | condition with excessive androgen productino often resulting ina ppearance of mature male characterisitics in young
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| adenectomy | removal of gland
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| adrenalectomy | removal of adrenal gland
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| hypophysectomy | removal of piuitary gland
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| [ancreatectomy | removal of pancreas
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| parathyroidectomy | removal of one or more of parathyroid glands
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| thymectomy | removal of thymus gland
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| thyroidectomy | removal of thyroid gland
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| antihyperglycemic | agent that lowers blood glucose
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| antihypogycemic | agent that raises blood glucose
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| hormone replacement therapy | ingestion of hormones to replace missing one
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| human growth hormones | naturally occurring subsatance in body that prmotes growth; synthesie substace that seves the same function
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| hypoglycemic | agent that lowers blood glucose
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| radioactive iodine therapy | use of radioactive iodine to eliminate thyroid tumors
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| steroid | hormoe or chemical substance released b several endocrine glands or manufactured in various medications
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