Terminology of Pulmonology
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| Alveolus (pl. alveoli) | a hollow sphere of cells that expands and contracts with each breath
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| Ambu bag | a hand-held device that is used to manually breathe for the patient on a temporary basis
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| Anoxic | a patient with a complete lack of oxygen in the arterial blood and body tissues
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| Apex | the rounded top of each lung
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| Asphyxia | an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide and an abnormally low level of oxygen
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| Asthma | hyperactivity of the bronchi and bronchioles with bronchospasm
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| Atelectatic | incomplete expansion of collapse of part or all of a lung due to mucus, tumor, trauma or a foreign body that blocks the bronchus
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| Bronchus (pl. bronchi) | either of the two primary divisions of the trachea that lead respectively into the lungs
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| Cancer | any type of malignant growth or tumor, caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
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| Cannula | a small tube for insertion into a body cavity, duct, or vessel
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| Carbon dioxide | a colorless, odorless, incombustible gas formed during respiration and organic decomposition
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| Cilia | small hairs that flow in coordinated waves to move mucus and trapped particles toward the throat
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| Concha (pl. conchae) | any of various structures, such as the external ear, that resemble a shell in shape.
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| Diaphragm | a sheet of skeletal muscle, lies along the inferior border of the thoracic cavity
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| Edema | fluid collection in tissue
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| Embolus | a blood clot or fat globule in the circulatory system
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| Epiglottis | a lid-like structure
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| Heimlich maneuver | procedure to assist a choking victim with an airway obstruction
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| Hilum (pl. hila) | an indentation on the medial surface of the lung where a bronchus enters the lung
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| Hypoxic | very low level of oxygen in the cells
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| Influenza | acute viral infection of the upper and lower respiratory system with fever, aches and a cough
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| Larynx | voice box
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| Legionnaire’s disease | severe, sometimes fatal, bacterial infection with flu-like symptoms, aches and fever
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| Legionella pneumophilia | bacteria responsible for Legionnaire’s disease
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| Lobe | large divisions of the lung, whose dividing lines are visible on the outer surface of the lung
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| Lumen | the cavity of a tubular organ or part, as in lumen of a blood vessel
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| Mantoux | test to determine if a patient has been exposed to tuberculosis
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| Mediastinum | an irregularly shaped area that contains the trachea, heart and esophagus
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| Mucosa | a mucous membrane that humidifies the air and produces mucus
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| Oxygen | an element, normally a gas, that makes up about one-fifth of the atmosphere of the Earth
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| Parenchyma | the functional part of the lung
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| Pharynx | throat
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| Pleura | the thin serous membrane that envelops each lung and folds back to make a lining for the chest cavity
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| Pneumocystis jiroveci | a fungus causing severe pneumonia
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| Rales | irregular crackling or bubbling sounds during inspiration
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| Rhonchi | humming, whistling, or snoring sounds during inspiration or expiration
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| Reye’s syndrome | vomiting, seizures, liver failure, sometimes fatal condition from the use of aspirin to treat the flu
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| Septum | lung membrane
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| Sputum | mucus production
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| Status asthmaticus | a prolonged, extremely severe, life-threatening asthma attack
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| Stridor | high-pitched, harsh, crowing sound due to edema or obstruction in the trachea or larynx
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| surfactant | a protein-fat compound that reduces surface tension and keeps the walls of the alveolus from collapsing with each exhalation.
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| Thorax | a bony cage that consists of the sternum, the ribs and spinal column
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| Trachea | windpipe
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| Wheezes | high-pitched whistling or squeaking sounds during inspiration or expiration
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