Introduction to Geography.
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| Kenya is in Eastern Africa, economy is | mostly all tea and coffee are planted.
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| Hunger is a major problem for who | entire world
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| One-sixth of the world’s population is | starving, with no food.
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| 1 billion of the poor’s are | women, and children, because they have little power, and money.
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| A major cause of starvation is | poverty, not having enough money to buy food, failure of food distribution systems, and cultural practices, which men have more power over women.
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| Poverty caused by | taxes, paying rent, buying a home, and taking care of children
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| 4% of Norway and 70% of Bangladesh has | arable land.
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| Norway is wealthy, and well fed, in which Bangladesh is | poor
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| The Norwegians can import food, but for the Bangladeshis, | two-thirds of their country is flooded because of the monsoon.
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| 8% of Kenya land is arable, but w. highlands are most productive agricultural in the world | Globalized economy, tiny farms
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| Those in the western highlands of Kenya own some sort of | coffee or tea corporations
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| Mostly Kenya women work in the fields, because | women’s cannot own fields
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| Kenya needed foreign income and takes part in | tourism, exporting tea, and coffee exporting
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| Kenya economy looks like this | Globalized economy, tiny farms
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| Kenya cannot solve poverty b/c | switching to cash crops destroys peoples’ economy
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| Vocab: Fieldwork | Observe what people are doing & Observe how their reactions vary across space
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| Human Geography | how people make places, organize space and society, and make sense of everyone in locality, region, and world
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| Brings traits together makes | diverse places
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| Effects of Globalization | Increases interactions, deepening relationships, and increases interdependence
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| Vocab: Globalization | Explains the local, regional, and the global-all affect each other without regard to country borders
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| All parts of world are affected by | globalization and human action
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| Geographic questions look to answer | Physical geography, Physical phenomena
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| Explain the “why of where” | why do things happen where they are, how does it influence other places
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| Spatial distribution | how things are laid out, organized, and arranged on the Earth, and how they appear on the landscape
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| Spatial Distribution | Also describes patterns and relationships of the distributions
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| Spread of Cholera | to China, Japan, E. Africa, and Europe in 1816, 1826-1837, and 1842-1862
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| Dr. Snow specialized in | medical geography to define the cholera pandemic
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| Dr. Snow plots map of cholera victims and they congest around | Street pump
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| Dr. Snow gives order to remove... | handle from pump and cholera victims fall dramatically
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| Cholera still present... | in refugee camps of Africa and Asia, with outbreak in Europe in 1972, and epidemic Lima, Peru, in December 1990, that killed 10,000
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| Spatial Perspective | Used to identify and classify change over time
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| 5 Themes made by | National Geographic Society in 1986
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| FIVE THEMES | location, place,human environment, movement, region
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| location theory | logical attempt to explain the locational pattern of an economic activity and the manner in which its producing areas are interrelated
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| sense of place | state of mind derived from the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events
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| perception of places | belief or "understanding" about a place developed through books, movies, stories or pictures
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| spatial interaction | depends on the distances among places, the accessibility of places and the transportation and communication connectivity
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| landscape | refers to the materical character of a place, the complex nature features, human structures, and other tangible objects that give a place a particular form
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| cultural landscape | visible imprint of human activity on the landscape
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| sequent occupance | cultural succession and its lasting imprint
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| cartography | art and science of making maps
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| absolute location | longitude and latitude
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| relative location | a place in relation to other human and physical features
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| geocaching | a hunt for a cache whose coordinates are places on the Internet for other geocachers
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| mental maps | maps we carry in our minds
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| reference maps | show locations of places and geographic features
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| thematic maps | tell stories
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| All maps help to | simplify the world
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| Generalize | make broader and easier to understand.
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| Purpose of shading of maps | show how much or how little of some phenomena can be found on part of the Earth’s surface
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| Areas shaded in the most vibrant green are places that receive the most... | rain
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| The moistest areas other than South Asia and South East Asia are clustered against what shore? | Atlantic
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| Remote Sensing | A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments that are physically distant from the area or object of study.
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| Remotely sensed data are collected by | satellites and aircraft and are almost instantaneously available.
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| Geographic Information Systems(GIS) | A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user.
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| Geographers use GIS for | applications in human and physical geographic research.
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| Data gathered by agencies can be integrated into a GIS and then analyzed | spatially.
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| GIS can be used for | intelligence, interpret data, and make recommendations on issues of homeland security defense
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| Geographic Information Science | Emerging research field concerned with studying the development and use of geospatial concepts and techniques to examine geographic patterns and processes.
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| Geographers study places and patterns with local, regional, national, and global... | scales
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| Scale | Distance on a map compared to distance on Earth
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| Context of maps looks different at different... | scales
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| Scale | The territorial extent of something
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| Jumping scales | used by Victoria Lawson to describe rescaling
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| Region | Constitutes an area that shares similar characteristics
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| Geographers use regions for | analytic purposes
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| Formal region | physical criteria and cultural traits
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| Functional region | spatial system, boundaries defined by the limits of that system
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| Ex of Functional region | Newspaper service
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| Perceptual region | based on impressions that we get from other cultures
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| Ex of Perceptual | regionIraq is portrayed to us as a war zone because of what we see in the media
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| Ex of Formal region | area in Europe where 90% of the people speak French
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| Relocation Diffusion | Involves the actual movement of individuals who have already adopted the idea or innovation, and who carry it to a new, perhaps distant, locale, where they proceed to disseminate it. (Occurs most frequently through migration)
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| Ex of Relocation Diffusion | Immigrants develop ethnic neighborhoods in their new country in order to maintain their culture
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| Geographic concept | Ways of seeing the world spatially that are used by geographers in answering research questions. (Relative location, Absolute location, mental maps, diffusion, sense of place, and cultural landscape)
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| Geographers use remote sensing, fieldwork, GIS, GPS, and qualitative/quantitative techniques to explore | linkages among people and places to explain differences across people, places, scales, and times
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| Environmental Determinism | The view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development. (climate is critical factor in how humans behave)
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| Climate and the Energy of Nations(1974) | Written by Sidney Markham, thought that by tracing the migration of the center of power in the Mediterranean, he could detect the changing climates of that part of Europe
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| Isotherms | lines connecting points of equal temperature values
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| Possibilism | A viewpoint that holds that human decision making and technology, not the environment, is the crucial factor in cultural development.
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| Trend of Possibilism and Environmental Determinism in modern day geography | possibilism is being more widely accepted and environmental determinism is being discredited.
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| Cultural Ecology | An area of inquiry concerned with culture as a system of adaptation to environment
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| Political Ecology | An area of inquiry fundamentally concerned with the environmental consequences of dominant political-economic arrangements and understandings.
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| Cultural geography is a subset of human geography | looks at the ways culture is implicated in the full spectrum of topics addressed in human geography.
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