Chapter 8 vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Conservation medicine | discipline that attempts to understand how our environmental changes threaten our own health as well as that of the natural communities on which we depend our ecological services
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| Toxins | poisons
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| Allergens | substances that activate the immune system
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| Antigens | chemical compounds to which antibodies bind; proteins that recognize and bind to foreign cells or chemicals
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| Sick building syndrome | headaches, allergies, chronic fatigue and other symptoms caused by poorly vented indoor air contaminated by pathogens or toxins
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| Endocrine disruptors | chemicals that disrupt normal hormone functions
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| Neurotoxins | special class of metabolic poisons that specifically attack nerve cells (neurons)
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| Mutagens | agents, such as chemicals and radiation, that damage or alter genetic material (DNA) in cells
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| Teratogens | chemicals or other factors that specifically cause abnormalities during embryonic growth and development
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| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | a cluster of symptoms including craniofacial abnormalities, developmental delays, behavioral problems, and mental defects that last throughout a child's life
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| Carcinogens | substances that cause cancer
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| Cancer | invasive, out-of-control cell growth that results in malignant tumors
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| Bioaccumulation | selective absorption and storage of a great variety of molecules by cells
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| Biomagnification | when the toxic burden of a larger number of organisms at a lower trophic level is accumulated and concentrated by a predator in a higher trophic level
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| Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) | chemical compounds that persist in the environment and retain biological activity for long times
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| Body burden | the sum total of all persistent toxins in our body that we accumulate from our air, water, diet, and surroundings
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| Synergism | interaction in which one substance exacerbates the effects of another
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| LD50 | chemical dose lethal to 50 percent of test population
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| Acute effects | sudden, severe effects; a single exposure to the toxin that results in immediate health crisis of some sort
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| Chronic effects | results from a single dose of a very toxic substance, or results from continuous/repeated sublethal exposure
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| Risk | possibility of suffering harm or loss
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| Risk assessment | scientific process of estimating the threat that particular hazards pose to human health
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| Emergent diseases | those not previously known or that have been absent for at least 20 years
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| Ecological diseases | sudden and widespread epidemics that domestic animals and wildlife experience
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| Health | state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
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| Disease | an abnormal change in the body's condition that impairs important physical or psychological functions
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| Mortality | death; death rate in a population, probability of dying
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| Morbidity | illness/disease
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| Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) | a measure of disease burden
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| Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) | a measure of premature deaths and losses due to illnesses and disabilities in a population
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| Environmental health | focuses on external factors that cause disease, including elements of the natural, social, cultural, and technological worlds in which we live
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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