medical terminology digestive system
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| abdomin/o | abdomen
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| amyl/o | starch
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| an/o | anus
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| antr/o | relationship to an antrum
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| appendic/o | appendix
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| -ase | enzyme
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| bilirubin/o | bilirubin
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| bucc/o | cheek (facial)
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| cec/o | cecum
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| celi/o | belly abdomen
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| cheiol/o | saliva
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| chol/e or bil/i | gall or bile
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| cholecyst/o | gallbladder
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| choledoch/o | common bile duct
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| col/o or colon/o | colon
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| dent/o or odont/o | teeth
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| dont/o | tooth
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| duoden/o | duodenum
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| enter/o | small intestine
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| esophag/o | esophagus
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| gingiv/o | gums
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| gloss/o | tongue
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| gluc/o glyc/o | sugar
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| glycogen/o | glycogen animal starch
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| hepat/o | liver
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| ile/o | ileum
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| -iasis | abnormal condition
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| jejun/o | jejunum
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| labi/o or cheil/o | lip
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| lingu/o or gloss/o | tongue
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| lip/o or steat/o | fat lipids
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| or/o | mouth oral
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| palat/o | palate
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| peritone/o | peritoneum
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| pharyng/o | pharynx throat
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| polyp- | a tumor with a pedicle
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| -prandial | meal
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| proct/o | anus rectum
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| pylor/o | pylorus
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| rect/o | rectum
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| sial/o | saliva
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| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon
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| spleen/o | spleen
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| stomat/o | mouth
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| tonsill/o | tonsil
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| uvul/o | uvula
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| -ase | enzyme
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| -clysis | irrigation or washing
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| -flux | flow
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| -gram | record
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| -iasis | abdominal condition
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| -ist | a specialist
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -lithiasis | calculus or stone
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| -lytic | destruction or breakdown
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| -megaly | enlargement
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| -orrhaphy | surgical fixation or suturing
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| -ostomy | creation of an artificial opening
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| -phagia | eating swallowing
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| -prandal | meal
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| -rrhaphy | suturing in place
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| -spasm | sudden involuntary muscle contraction
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| -tomy | cutting incision
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| -tresia | opening
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| -tripsy | crushing
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| Ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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| Borborygmus | Rumbling gurgling sound made by moving of gas in the intestine
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| Bruxism | Grinding the teeth involuntarily often while sleeping
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| Calculus | Stones
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| Cachexia | Generalized poor nutrition
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| Cathartic | Strong laxative
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| Cholelithiasis | Condition of having gallstones
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| Eructation | Act of belching or raising gas from the stomach
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| Esophageal varices | Swollen twisted veins around the distal end of the esophagus
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| Esophagitis | Inflammation of the esophagus
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| Flatus | Gas expelled through the anus
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| Gallstones | Hard collections of bile that form in the gallbladder and bile ducts
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| Gastric ulcer | Lesion on the wall of the stomach
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| Herpes simplex | Cold sore or fever blister on the lip or nose due to the herpes virus
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| Hiatal hernia | Protrusion of part of the stomach through the esophageal opening into the diaphragm
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| Hyperemesis | Excessive vomiting
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| Ileus | Intestinal obstruction that can be caused by failure of peristalsis following surgery
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| Intussusception | Telescoping of the intestine
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| Laxative | Medication encouraging the movement of feces
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| Leukoplakia | White plaques or patches of mouth mucosa
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| Melena | Black stool orfeces containing blood
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| Nasogastric | Pertaining to the nose and stomach
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| Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or damage to the liver
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| Hepatitis A | Acute inflammation of the liver spread by fecal-oral contact
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| Hepatitis B | Inflammation of the liver due to a virus transmitted by blood and body fluids
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| Hepatitis C | Virus affecting the liver spread through blood and body fluids
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| apepsia | Cessation of digestion
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| alimentary tract | The digestive system
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| bowel | Intestine
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| cecum | First part of the large intestine
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| colon | Large intestine – ascending transverse and descending parts
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| common bile duct | Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum
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| duodenum | First part of the small intestine
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| emesis | Vomiting
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| emulsification | Breaking up of large fat molecules
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| enamel | Hard outermost layer of a tooth
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| enzyme | A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances
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| esophagus | Tube connecting the mouth and the stomach
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| eructation | Producing gas from the stomach belching
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| etiology | Study of the cause of disease
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| feces | Solid wastes stool
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| gallbladder | Small sac under the liver stores bile
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| gavage | Feeding with a stomach tube
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| ileum | Third part of the small intestine
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| incisor | One of four front teeth in the dental arch
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| insulin | Hormone produced by the pancreas
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| jejunum | Second part of the small intestine
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| mastication | Chewing
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| palate | Roof of the mouth
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| pancreas | Organ under the stomach produces insulin
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| peristalsis | Wavelike contractions of the tubes of the alimentary tract
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| pharynx | Throat
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| rectum | End of the colon
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| rugae | Ridges on the hard palate and wall of the stomach
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| sigmoid colon | Lower part of the colon shaped like an “S”
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| sphincter | Ring of muscles
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| appendix | Blind-ended pouch hanging from the cecum
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| villi | Tiny microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine to absorb nutrients into the blood stream
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| volvulus | twisting of the intestine upon itself
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