6 Sci Test 8 Ch 4B
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| orbit | to revolve around
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| ellipse | a symmetrically shaped oval
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| foci | the two special points in an ellipse
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| astronomical unit | the distance between the earth and the sun; equal to 93 million miles
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| gravity | the force of attraction that exists between any two objects
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| planets | the largest heavenly bodies that orbit the sun
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| solar system | the sun and all the heavenly bodies that orbit it
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| solar year | the time required for the earth to complete one revolution around the sun; equal to 365 1/4 days
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| atmosphere | the blanket of air that makes the earth hospitable for living things
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| ozone layer | a region of the atmosphere, located between 10 and 30 miles above the earth's surface, that filters out most of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun
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| greenhouse effect | the ability of the earth's atmosphere to retain heat around the earth
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| maria | "seas"; large, dark-colored plains on the surface of the moon
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| lunar month | the time it takes for the moon to complete a full cycle in its orbit around the earth
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| near-earth asteroids | a group of asteroids located in the inner solar system, many of which cross paths with the earth
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| period | the time it takes for a comet to complete an orbit around the sun
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| Kepler | he discovered the planets do not travel in perfect circles, but in ellipses; formulated three laws of planetary motion
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| Copernicus | he presented the idea that all the planets orbit the sun, and that the earth itself is also a planet
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| Newton | he discovered the law of universal gravitation
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| Ptolemy | he presented the idea of an earth-centered universe
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| My very excited mother just served us noodles | planets in order; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
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| nucleus, coma, tail | parts of a comet
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| revolution | a single trip around the sun ( or other heavenly body)
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| rotation | the spinning of the earth (or other object)
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| spring tide | an especially high or low ocean tide that occurs during a new moon or a full moon, when the sun and moon are in line with the earth and their gravitational forces are working together
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| neap tide | a weaker ocean tide that occurs during a first-quarter moon and a third-quarter moon, when the gravitational forces of the sun and moon work at right angles against each other
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| solar eclipse | occurs when the earth's moon passes in front of the sun, blocking the sun's light
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| lunar eclipse | occurs when the moon passes through the earth's shadow, causing the moon to appear darkened
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| asteroid | a small, rocky object that orbits the sun
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| comet | an asteroid-sized object that develops a huge, bright tail when it domes near the sun
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| asteroid belt | a region between Mars and Jupiter where most asteroids are located
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| Kuiper belt | a region farther from the sun than the planet Neptune where a large number of objects resembling comet nuclei are located
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| meteoroid | piece of space debris that is smaller than the smallest asteroids
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| meteor | space particle traveling within the earth's atmosphere
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| meteorite | a meteor that has landed on the earth's surface
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| first law of planetary motion | every planet orbits the sun in an ellipse, with the sun as one of the foci of the ellipse and an empty point in space as the other
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| second law of planetary motion | as a planet moves closer to the sun, it travels faster; and as it moves farther away, it slows down
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| third law of planetary motion | shows the relationship between a planet's distance from the sun and the time it takes the planet to complete one orbit
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| new moon | the beginning of the lunar month when the sunlit side of the moon is turned away from Earth and completely hidden from view
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| first-quarter moon | the phase of the visible moon when it is half light and half dark
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| crescent phase | the stage of the visible moon when it waxes from the new moon to the first-quarter moon and wanes from third-quarter to the new moon
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| full moon | the phase of the moon when we see the entire sunlit side
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| gibbous phase | the term for the visible moon when it seems to bulge as it waxes from first quarter to full and wanes from full to third quarter
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| third-quarter moon | the stage of the visible moon when it is half dark and half light again
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| waxes | to grow larger, as the moon seems to as it goes through it phases
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| wanes | to shrink, as the moon seems to as it goes through it phases
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