Common Orthopedic Injuries & Repairs
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| Surgical procedure that uses piece of bone to replace lost bone or to fuse two bones together | Bone Graft
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| Scan using radioactive dye to visualize bones; effective for stress fractures and bone cancer | Bone Scan
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| Repetive motion disorder caused by pressure on tendons and nerves | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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| Broken bone with no open skin wound | Closed Fracture/Simple Fracture
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| Bone break where bone shatters into many small pieces | Comminuted Frature
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| Broken bone with open skin wound | Opened Fractue/Compound Fracture
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| Bone break causing height loss of vertebral body; may result from trauma, may occur in a bone weakened by osteoporosis | Compression Fracture
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| Abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, Tendons, or connective tissue making it difficult to stretch muscle | Contracture
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| Muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels associated with heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies | Creatine Kinase (CK)
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| Involuntary muscle contraction in response to striking muscle tendon with reflex hammer; test used to determine whether muscles respond properly. | Deep Tenson Reflexes (DTR)
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| bones in joints are displaced from normal alignment and ends of bone are no loner in contact with eachother | Dislocation
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| Test using low-dose x-ray beam to measure bone density; used to diagnose osteoporosis | Dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA)
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| Chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue | Fibromyalgia
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| process of stabilizing fractured bone while it heals; i.e. casts, splints, pins, rods, plates, screws, and wires | Fixation
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| Broken Bone | Fracture (FX, Fx/)
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| Fracture with incomplete break, one side of hte bone breaks and the other side only bends. Common in childern since their bones are so pliable. | Greenstick Fracture
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| Protrusion of intervertebral disk between two vertebrae, puts pressure on spinal nerves. May require surgery | Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP)/herniated disk, ruptured disk
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| Fracture in which one bone fragmnet is pushed into another | Impacted Fracture
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| Abnormal outward curvature of thoracic spine (Humpback/Hunchback) | Kyphosis
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| Abnormal excessive anterior lumbar curvature of lumbar spine (Swayback) | Lorosis
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| Abornmal lateral curvature of spine | Scoliosis
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| Loss of muscle bulk due to muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use. a.k.a muscle wasting | Muscle Atrophy
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| Inherited disease involving progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy. | Muscular Dystophy (MD)
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| Bone break in which fracture line runs along an angle to shaft of the bone | Oblique Fracture
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| Externally applied brace or split used to prevent or correct deformities | Orthosis
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| Arthritis caused by loss of cartilage cushion covering bones in joint; result in bone rubbing against bone | Osteoarthritis (OA)
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| Most common type of bone cancer; usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of bon. Most frequent in person 10-25 years old. | Osteogenic Sarcoma
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| Broken bone caused by disease or weakened bone, not trauma | Pathologic Frature
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| Use of a thin catheter tube inserted into intervertebral disk through skin to suck out pieces of herniated or ruptured disk; or laser is used to vaporized diak | Percutaneous Diskectomy
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| Any artifical devise used as substitue for a body part that is either missing at birth or lost as a result of an accident or disease; example artifical leg | Prosthesis
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| Diagnostic imaging procedure using x-rays to see internal structure of body ; especially useful for bones and joints. | Radiography
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| Correcting fratured or dislocation by realigning bone. | Reduction
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| chronic disorder with tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage casued by prolonged periods of pressure, vibration, or repetitive movemnets. | Repetitive Motion Disorder
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| Swelling, stiffness, pain, and degeneration of cartilage in joints caused by chronic soft tissue inflammation; may result in crippling deformities. | Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
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| Sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contration | Spasm
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| Birth Defect that occurs when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord; ranges from mild to severe; if spinala cordis damaged, paralysis results. | Spina Bifida
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| Bone break in which fracture line spirals around shaft of the bone; caused by twisting injury; often slow to heal. | Spiral Fracture
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| Ligament injury from overstretching, but without joint dislocation or bone frature | Sprain
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| A slight bone break caused by repetitive low-impact forces, such as running, rather than a single forceful impact. | Stress Frature
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| Surgical reconstruciton of hip joint with artifical hip joint. | Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)
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| Surgical reconstruciton of knee joint with artifical knee joint. | Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)
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| Bone break with frature line straight across shaft of bone. | Transverse Fracture
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| Large group of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis | Non-sterodial Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
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