Clinical Medicine
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| Jak2 mutation is seen in | polycythemia Vera (70%)
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| Post bath pruritus occurs with | polycythemia Vera*
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| Tear-drop shaped RBC’s on peripheral smear | Myelofibrosis*
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| Most common leukemia is | CLL*
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| Smudge cells (damaged lymphocytes) on peripheral smear | CLL*
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| BCR-ABL gene mutation on peripheral blood is diagnostic of | CML*
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| Philadelphia chromosome is diagnostic of | CML*
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| Blasts are seen in these types of leukemias | acute leukemias
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| leukemias Primarily in children | ALL
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| leukemias Primarily in adults | AML
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| Auer Rods occur in | Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)*
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| "Painless lymphadenopathy, think" | lymphoma
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| B symptoms of cancer include | "Fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue"
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| Reed-Sternberg’s cell occur in | Hodgkin’s lymphoma*
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| most common Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is | Nodular sclerosing
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| found in 40-50% of cases of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | EBV
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| Lymph node pain after ingestion of alcohol think of | Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
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| "Lytic lesions on bones, pathologic fractures, hypercalcemia" | Multiple Myeloma*
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| Rouleaux formation on peripheral blood smears | Multiple Myeloma
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| M-spike on electrophoresis | Multiple Myeloma
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| Bence –Jones proteins occur in | Multiple Myeloma*
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| Multiple Myeloma do this | Skeletal survey (not a Bone scan)*
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| classic triad for Multiple Myeloma | "Plasmacytosis, lytic bone lesions, serum/urine M-protein*"
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| Classic hemophilia (Hemophilia A) is due to a deficiency of which clotting factor: | VIII*
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| "In a patient with increased platelets and white blood cells, splenomegaly, and an increased red blood cell mass, you would suspect" | polycythemia vera*
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| failure to maintain hemostasis | Hemorrhage
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| failure to maintain fluidity | Thrombosis
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| collective term for all physiologic mechanisms the body uses to protect itself from blood loss | Hemostasis
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| Intrinsic pathway is evaluated by | PTT
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| Extrinsic pathway factors include | Factor 7
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| Extrinsic pathway is evaluated by | PT
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| Common pathway is evaluated by | PT & PTT
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| most common congenital disorder of hemostasis | von Willebrand's disease*
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| von Willebrand's disease is what type of genetic disorder | autosomal dominant
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| This factor mediates platelet adhesion | von Willebrand factor (vWF)
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| Treatment for von Willebrand's disease | DDAVP (Desmopressin acetate) or vWF-containing Factor VIII concentrate
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| ITP stands for | idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
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| HIT stands for | heparin induced thrombocytopenia
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| TTP stands for | thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
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| Most common drug induced coagulation disorder | Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
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| Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia & thrombocytopenia without an identifiable cause | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
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| Treatment for Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura | Plasmapheresis + IV fresh frozen plasma infusion
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| "anemia with schistocytes, thrombocytopenia & renal dysfunction in the absence of other causes of coagulopathy" | Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome*
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| Most common finding in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome | Renal failure & thrombocytopenia*
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| distinguish DIC from HUS | DIC would have decreased Fibrinogen levels
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| With HUS do not give | "Antibiotics, platelet transfusion or nephrotoxic drugs"
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| Primary lesion of DIC is | clot formation
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| Bleeding & thrombosis co-exist in this clotting disorder | DIC
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| Subacute DIC in cancer pts – throwing small clots- DVTs | Trousseau’s syndrome*
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| Most common severe bleeding disorder | Hemophilia A*
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| Hemophilia A is what type of genetic disorder | "X linked inheritance, only males are affected*"
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| Treat hemophilia A with | "Factor VIII replacement, DDAVP for mild disease"
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| Christmas Disease | Hemophilia B*
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| Hemophilia B is what type of genetic disorder | "X linked recessive, only males affected (more rare than hemophilia A)"
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| Treat hemophilia B with | Factor IX concentrates (avoid DDAVP and asprin)
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| Factor IX deficiency | Hemophilia B*
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| Factor XI Deficiency | Hemophilia C*
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| Hemophilia C is seen what type of genetic disorder and seen in what race | Autosomal recessive (affects males and females equally) & seen in Ashkenazi Jews
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| Treat Hemophilia C with | FFP (fresh frozen plasma) PRN
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| site of synthesis of all coagulation factors except factor VIII | Liver*
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| Liver is the site of synthesis of all coagulation factors except | factor VIII
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| These are considered “natural anticoagulants” | Proteins C & S
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| Diagnosis for Vitamin K deficiency only shows | "5 is normal, 7 is low"
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| Diagnosis for Liver disease only shows | both 5 & 7 are low
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| What is the most common causes of hereditary hemophilia? | Hemophilia A
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| Define Antithrombin III deficiency | Deficiency allows unopposed conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
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| Coagulation disorder that presents with spontaneous thrombo-embolic events (mainly venous) | Antithrombin III deficiency
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| Virchow’s Triad is | Vascular damage; Hypercoagulability and Circulatory stasis*
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| Polycythemia Vera Treatment includes | Therapeutic Phlebotomy
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| Chronic and progressive fibrosis of the bone marrow leading to marrow failure | Myelofibrosis
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| what is the only curative treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome | Allogeneic transplant
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| Describe Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia | Clonal proliferation of B-cell lymphocytes
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| What are smudge cells | damaged lymphocytes*
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| Myeloproliferative disease of bone marrow stem cells resulting in unregulated growth of granulocytes | Chronic Myelogeneous Leukemia (CML)
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| It is the only known curative treatment for CML | Allogeneic Transplant
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| Characterized by unrestrained growth of leukocytes and leukocyte precursors (blasts) in the tissues. | Acute leukemias
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| "clumps of myeloblasts, seen in AML" | Auer rods
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| Heterogeneous group of cancers that arise from lymphocytes | Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
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| "Diffuse or isolated, painless, lymphadenopathy" | Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
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| This disease refers to a group of cancers characterized by enlargement of lymphoid tissue | Hodgkin’s Disease
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| "Painless cervical, supraclavicular, and mediastinal adenopathy" | Hodgkin’s Disease
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| Malignancy of plasma cells which leads to progressive bone marrow failure and infiltration of bone. | Multiple Myeloma
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| "These may be present in bones thus predisposing patients to bone pain, pathologic fractures, and hypercalcemia." | Lytic lesions
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| BRCA genes are associated with | Breast and ovarian cancer*
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| Positive direct coombs test | Autoimmune hemolysis
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| Tear-drop shaped RBC’s on peripheral smear | Myelofibrosis
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| MCC of anemia in kids | Iron deficiency*
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| Pica is common with | Iron deficiency*
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| "Decreased platelet count in an otherwise healthy child, oven after a viral infection, think" | ITP
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| Most common solid tumor outside the CNS in peds | Neuroblastoma (abdominal tumor)*
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| In macrocytic anemia the MCV is | Greater than 100*
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| Hemolytic disease of the newborn/ fetal hydrops | Erythroblastosis fetalis
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| Most frequent cause of anemia in cancer patients | Inadequate erythropoietin
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| MCV < 80 | Microcytic anemia
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| MCV > 100 | Macrocytic anemia
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| Microcytic anemias include | "Iron deficiency, thalassemia & anemia of chronic disease"
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| Target cells are seen in | all anemias
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| Macrocytic anemias include | Vitamin B 12 deficiency & folate deficiency
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| Anemia that presents with paresthesias early then gait disturbances | Vitamin B 12 deficiency
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| ITP is most common in what age group | Childhood
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| Failure of all cell lines suggest | Aplastic anemia
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| Poor dietary intake of iron causes | Anemia
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| Bence jones proteins | Multiple myeloma
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| Earliest and best indicator of iron deficiency | Serum ferritin*
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| Type of anemia associated with gastric cancer | Pernicious anemia
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| Positive schillings test | Vitamin B 12 deficiency
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| Heinz bodies are seen in | G6PD deficiency*
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| Positive coomb’s test | Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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| Most common inherited bleeding disorder | Von willebrand’s disease*
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| Factor VIII | Hemophilia A*
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| Factor IX | Hemophilia B / Christmas disease*
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| Factor XI | Hemophilia C / Rosenthal syndrome*
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| AE of Cisplatin | "Renal impairment, auditory neuropathy"
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| AE of adriamycin | Cardiac toxicity
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| AE of vincristine | Peripheral neuropathy
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| AE of Bleomycin | Pulmonary toxicity
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