Earth Quakes
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| Earthquake | Vibrations in Earth caused by the sudden release of energy, usually as a result of the movement of rocks along a fault.
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| Crust | The Earth's outer layer; the coolest and least dense layer of the earth.
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| Fault | A fracture in bedrock, a long which blocks of rock on opposite sides of the fracture move.
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| Mantle | The layer of the Earth beneath the crust. It is about 2900 km. thick, and it makes up about 83% of the Earth's interior.
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| Lithosphere | The cool, solid outer shell of the Earth. It consists of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle and is broken up into segments, or plates.
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| Lithospheric Plates | Ride on top of the Earth's crust. Large portions of crust.
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| Seismologists | A scientist who studies Earthquakes.
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| Epicenter | The point on the surface directly above the focus.
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| Focus | The point at which a rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake.
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| Seismic Waves | Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an Earthquake.
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| P-Waves | Fastest moving waves that go forward and backward (push and pull). Causes buildings to contract and expand.
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| S-Waves | Not the slowest or fastest moving waves. They go side to side. Shakes building from side to side.
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| Surface Wave | Slowest moving waves that create violent ground movements.
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| Seismograph | Records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through the Earth.
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| Magnitude | A measurement of an Earthquake's strength.
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| Richter Scale | Rates the amount of energy an Earthquake releases/ magnitude.
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| Mercalli Scale | Rates the Earthquake based off how much damage is done.
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| Moment Magnitude Scale | Rates how much energy is released by magnitude and damage.
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| Tsunami | Water displaced by the earthquake may form a large wave.
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| Liquefication | An earthquake's violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud.
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| Aftershock | An earthquake that occurs after a large earthquake in the same area.
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| Base Isolators | Isolates a building from its foundation and prevent some of an earthquake's energy from entering the building.
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| Shear Corewalls | Transfers some of a quake's energy from roofs and floors to the building's foundation.
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| Tension Ties | These devices firmly "tie" the floors and ceilings of a building to walls. They absorb and scatter earthquake energy and thus reduce damage.
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| Cross Braces | Places between stories to stiffen a building's frame and absorb energy during an earthquake.
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| Dampers | Work like the shock absorbers in a car to absorb some of the energy of siesmic waves
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| Flexible Pipe | When an earthquake happens it moves around without breaking, keeping gasses and water in.
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| Tension | When an earthquake happens the rock stretches out.
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| Compression | When an earthquake happens the rock gets squeezed together and up.
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| Shearing | When the earth brakes.
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| Plateau | Flat ground that has been pushed up from an earthquake.
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| Normal Fault | A fault in witch the hanging wall has moved down relative to the foot wall.
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| Reverse Fault | A fault in witch the hanging wall has moved up relative to the foot wall.
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| Strike- Slip Fault | When the earths crust move horizontally.
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