chapter 1 Anatomy & Phsoilogy of the heart
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| inner layer of the heart is called | endocardium
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| middle layer of the heart is called | myocardium
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| outermost layer of the heart is called | epicardium
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| what protects the heart | pericardium
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| what is the fluid between the pericardium and epicardium called | pericardial fluid
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| the bottom of the heart is called | apex
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| the heart is located in the | mediastinum
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| the heart is the size of a | fist
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| feeds the heart wall | Coronary Arteries
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| takes away the waste products | Coronary veins
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| takes waste back to heart (right atria) | Coronary sinus
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| how many chambers are there in the heart | 4
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| the 2 upper chambers of the heart are called | atria
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| the bottom 2 chambers of the heart are called | right and left ventricle
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| what separates the heart down the middle called | septum
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| Co2 blood goes to the heart via the | superior and inferior vena cava
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| the superior and inferior vena cava bring Co2 blood into what part of the heart | right atrium
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| after the Co2 blood enters the right atrium it passes through the | tricuspid valve
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| after the Co2 blood passes the tricuspid valve it goes where? | the Right ventricle
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| when the Co2 blood leaves the right ventricle it leaves through the | Pulmonary semi-lunar valve
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| the PSLV brings the blood to the | pulmonary arties
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| pulmonary arties go to the | lungs
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| how many pulmonary arties are there | 2
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| Oxygenated blood comes from the lungs to the heart via the | pulmonary veins
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| how many pulmonary veins are there | 4
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| O2 blood comes through the pulmonary vein into what part of the heart | Left Atrium
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| after 02 blood enters the Left Atrium it passes through the | bicuspid valve
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| bicuspid AKA | mitral
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| after the O2 blood passes through the bicuspid valve it goes where? | Left Ventricle
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| The O2 blood leaves the Left ventricle it leaves through the | Aortic semi-lunar valve
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| the ASLV brings the blood to the | Aorta
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| The Aorta bring the Oxygenated blood to the | Rest Of the Body (ROB)
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| Contraction phase = | Systole
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| Relaxation phase = | Diastole
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| Systole is the ______ pressure | Greatest
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| Diastole is the _______ pressure | lowest
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| the amount of blood pumped by one ventricle in one minute | Cardiac output
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| how many liters of blood in an adult pump through the heart in one minute | 5-6 liters
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| the heart beats how many times per minute | 60-100
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| the circulation of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart and to the ROB is called | Cardiopulmonary circulation
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| The cardiopulmonary Circulation is the ______ process of the heart | Mechanical
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| The Cardiac conduction system is the ______ process of the heart | electrical
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| Name all 8 steps of the Cardiac Conduction System | 1.SA node
2.Artial Depolarization
3.AV node
4.Bundle Of His
5.R & L Bundle Branches
6.Purkinje Fibers
7.Venricle Depolarization
8.Repolarization of the ventricles
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| group of specialized cells located in the upper right atrium | SA node
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| SA node stands for | Sino-Atrial
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| Sinus means | normal
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| the SA node AKA | the hearts natural pacemaker
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| spark travel across atria and causes contraction of Atria | Atrial depolarization
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| group of specialized cells that hold the impulse until the atria empties | AV node
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| AV aka | the GATEKEEPER of the heart
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| AV stands for | Artio-ventricular
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| The AV is located @ the junction of the | Right Atrium and Right Ventricle
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| The Bundle Of His, right & left bundle braches, and Purkinje Fibers are all need to make | Ventricle Depolarization
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| Ventricle Depolarization is | ventricle contraction
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| Repolarization of the ventricles means | relax and refill
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| the record of the electrical activity of the heart | Electrocardiogram
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| What are the 4 unique characteristics of myocardial cells | 1. Automaticity
2. Excitability
3. Conductivity
4. Contractility
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| ALL myocardial cells have the ability to INITATE an impulse with out help from any system | Automaticity
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| ALL myocardial cells have the ability to RESPOND to the impulse | Excitability
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| ALL myocardial cells have the ability to RELAY the impulse to another cell | Conductivity
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| All myocardial cells have he ability to respond with a PUMP ACTION | Contractility
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| Inherent (Intrinsic) rates = | preset firing range
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| SA node fires at | 60-100bpm
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| AV node fires at | 40-60bpm
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| the ventricular myocardial cells fire at | 20-40bpm
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| if SA node is not firing but still fires outside it is called | ectopic focus
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| A lower site takes over when SA node fails | Escape (good)
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| A site speeds up and takes over pacing of the heart | irritability (bad)
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| The heart has 2 type of cells they are | electrical and mechanical
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| it initiates and conducts impulses | electrical
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| contraction in response to stimulation | Mechanical
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| Electrical proceeds mechanical activity. True or false? | true
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| the sequence of the events that takes place during 1 complete heart beat | cardiac cycle
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| what are the 3 Electrical Terms of the cardiac cycle | Polarization, Depolarization, Repolarization
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| electrical charges are balanced "state of rest" | polarization
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| discharge of energy that accompanies the transfer of electrical charges across the cell | depolarization
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| is the return of electrical charges to their original state of readiness | repolarization
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| there is a refractory period where the myocardial cells can not be stimulated; | Relaxation phase
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| There are 2 parts of the Relaxation phase, what are they | absolute and relative refractory
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| cells can NOT be stimulated at all | absolute refractory
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| cells can be stimulated, BUT w/o the desired effect | relative refractory
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| slows down the body process | Parasympathetic nerves
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