Student notes of endocrine system
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| The endocrine system affects (5 things) | growth, development, conducting sexual activity, health for entire body, assists nervous system
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| Glands are... | specialized organs that vary in size and function, act as chemical factories, remove certain chemicals from the blood
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| Exocrine glands are... | duct glands
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| Endocrine glands are... | ductless glands, rely on the blood and lymph circulation to carry secretions to tissues
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| Non steroidal hormones are... | amino acid based molecules
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| Steroidal hormones are... | made from good cholesterol
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| Target cells or target organs are... | a given hormone that affects only certain tissue cells or organs
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| Major endocrine glands...(9) | pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid, adrenal gland, pineal gland, thymus gland, pancreas, gonads, hypothalimis gland
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| Pituitary gland aka... | master gland
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| Anterior pituitary glands (6)... | ACTH, TSH, FSH, GH, LH, Lactogenic Hormone
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| Posterior Pituitary glands...(2) | ADH and Oxytocin
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| ACTH.... | adrenocorticotropin hormone, stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortical hormones protecting body during stress
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| TSH... | thyroid stimulating hormone, stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxin (growth)
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| FSH... | follical stimulating hormone, stimulates growth and hormone activity of ovarian follicles, growth of testes and development of sperm
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| GH... | growth hormone, promotes growth in all body tissue
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| LH... | luteinizing hormone, causes development of the corpus luteum at the site of the ruptured ovarian follicle in females and stimulates the secretion of testosteron
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| Lactogenic Hormone | stimulates the secretion of milk by mammary glands
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| ADH... | antidiurtic hormone, stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water, reducing urine output
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| Oxytocin... | causes milk ducts to contract in mammary glands, causes veins to contract
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| Pitocin... | given to induce labor
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| Disorders of pituitary gland (2) | hyperpituitarism = gigantism, acromegaly, hypopituitarism = inhibits secretion of all target glands, hinders growth and development
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| Three thyroid hormones... | thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin (controls calcim levels in blood)
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| Disorders of thyroid gland... | hyperthyroidism = goiter ---> enlarged thyroid, Graves Disease ----> includes strained tense facial expression and bulging eyes, hypothyroidism = cretinism causes dwarfism
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| Parathyroid glands... | secretes parathormone = regulates blood calcium levels
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| Disorders of parathyroid glands, | hyperparathyroidism = loss of calcim from bones, bones brittle, develop kidney stones Hypoparathyroidism = low blood calcium levels tetany common
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| Things about thymus...(4) | located behind sternum, active until puberty, then diminishes, stiumulates lymphoid tissue to produce lympohcytes, supports immune system
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| Glands in endocrine system have both endo and exocrine.... | pancreas, gonads
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| Islets of Langerhans... | specialized cells that produce insulin and glucagon secreted directly into blood stream
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| Insulin... | regulates the movement of glucose across cell membrane DECREASING blood glucose levels
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| Glucagon... | stimulates the liver to release glucose INCREASING blood glucose levels
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| Diabetes mellitus... | disorder of islets of langerhans, body cannot process glucose for metabolic use...commonly known as diabetes
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| Adrenal glands broken into two parts... | adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
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| Adrenal cortex produces (3) hormones... | cortisol (aids in metabolism of carbs, proteins and fats), aldosterone (aides in regulating electrolytes) and sex hormones (influences secondary sex characteristics)
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| Adrenal medulla produces...(1) | epinephrine/nor epinephrine (increases blood pressure and heart rate by activating cells of the sympathetic nervous system
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| Disorders of adrenal glands (2) | Hyperadrenalism = cushing's syndrome (overactive secretion of glucocorticoid hormones, results in muscle weakness, elevated blood sugar, hypertension and arteriosclerosis, Hypoadrenalism = Addison's disease
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| Sex glands are both... | duct and ductless
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| progesterone... | prepares the uterine lining for implantation of fertilized egg and aids in maintaining pregnancy
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