MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
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| Medical Terminology | composed of several word parts; refers to how professionals in the medical field speak to each other.
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| word root | main meaning
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| combining forms | word rood + vowel ex: gast/o, enter/o, cardi/o
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| combining vowels | links word root to the next word part
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| suffixes | word parts that are at the end of the word such as pathological(disease) conditions
Diagnostic, surgical procedures, pertaining to, produced by and resembling; ex: cardi/o + megaly=cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
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| adip | fat
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| arti/o | artery
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| arthr/o | joint
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| axil/o | armpit
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| blephar/o | eyelid
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| cardi/o | heart
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| cephal/o | head
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| cerebr/o | brain
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| cervic/p | neck
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| cholecyst/o | gallbladder
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| col/o | large intestine
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| cost/o | rib
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| crani/o | skull
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| cyst/o | urinary bladder
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| cyt/o | cell
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| derm/o | skin
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| enter/o | small intestines
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| esophagus/o | esophagus
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| hem/o | blood
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| hepat/o | liver
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| ren/o or nephr/o | kidneys
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| lapar/o | abdominal wall
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| laryng/o | voice box
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| myel/o | spinal cord
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| nas/o or rhino | nose
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| neur/o | nerves
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| ophthalm/o | eye
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| or/o or stomat/o | mouth
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| oste/o | bone
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| ot/o | ear
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| pharyng/o | throat
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| pneum/o | lung
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| splen/o | spleen
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| thorac/0 | chest
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| thyroid/o | thyroid
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| trache/o | windpipe, trachea
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| ven/o | vein
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| vertebr/o | vertebra
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| -ac,-al, -ar, -ary -eal, -iac, -ic, -ical, -ose, -ous, -tic | pertaining to
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| -algia | pain
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| -centesis | surgical puncture
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| -cide | to kill, destroy
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| -cyte | cell
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| -ectomy | removal/surgical
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| -emia | blood
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| -gram | record
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| -graph | record
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| -graphy | an instrument used to record
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| -ia | condition, esp. an abdominal state
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| -ism | condition
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -lithiasis | presence of or formation of stones
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| -logy | study ex:cardiology study of the heart
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| megaly | enlargement ex: hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)
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| -oid | resembling
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| -oma | tumor
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| -ontomy | surgical incision
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| -pathy | disease ex:encephailopathy disease of the brain
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| -plasty | surgical or plastic repair ex: rhinoplasty plastic surgery of the nose
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| -plegia | paralysis ex hemiplegia paralysis of one side of the body
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| -pnea | breathing, respiration ex: apena
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| -rrhea | drainage, flow, discharge ex:rhinorrhea drainage of the nose
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| -scope | instrument used to view ex: otoscope instrument used to examine the ear-sta
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| -scopy | examination using a scope ex:simiodoscopy examination of the sigmoid colon using a scope
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| -stasis | stoppage; controlling, standing ex: venostasis stoppage of blood
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| -stomy | surgically create an artificial mouth or stoma (opening) ex: colonstomy surgical opening into the colon to create a stoma
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| Common Prefixes a-/an- | w/o, not, absence of ex anuria absence of urine formation
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| anti- | against ex; antibiotics substance that inhibits growth of or destroys microorganisms
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| auto- | self ex autoimmune disease that results in immune response to one own body
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| bi- | two/double
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| brady | slow ex bradycardia-slow heart rate
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| dys | bad, difficult, painful, abnormal ex:dyspnea difficulty breathing
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| epi- | over, above, upon ex epigastric over the stomach
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| eu- | good, normal ex:eupnea normal breathing
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| hemi- | half ex hemiplegia paralysis of one side of the body
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| hyper- | above excessive ex hypertension high blood pressure
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| hypo- | low ex hypotension low blood pressure
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| inter- | between ex intercostal between the ribs
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| multi- | many ex multinodal having many nodes or knots
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| non- | not nontoxic not toxic
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| peri- | around ex perianal around the anus
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| poly- | many, much ex polyuria excretion of large amounts of urine
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| post- | after, behind postoperative following surgical procedure
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| pre- | before in front ex preoperative before surgical procedure
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| pseudo- | false ex pseudohematuria red pigment in the urine that makes the urine "falsey" appear to have blood in it
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| quadri- | four ex quadplegia paralysis of all four extremities
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| semi | half ex semipermeable half permeable-a membrane that allows fluids but not the dissolved substance to pass through
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| sub- | under, below ex susternal below the sternum
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| supra- | above, over suprapubic above the pubic area
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| tachy- | fast rapid ex tachycaria rapid heart rate
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| tri- | three ex trichotomy division into 3 parts
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| ad lib | freely; at will, as necessary
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| a.c. | before a meal
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| asap | as soon as possible
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| b.i.d. | twice a day
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| bm | bowel movement
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| bp | blood pressure
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| - c | with
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| CDC | center for diseases control and prevention
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| c/o C/O | complains of
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| h | hour
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| H20 | water
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| HTN | hypertension
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| I&O | intake and output
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| lab | laboratory
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| NPO | nothing by mouth
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| N&V | nausea and vomitting
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| O2 | oxygen
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| - p | after
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| p.c. | after meals
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| p | pulse
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| PO, p.o. | by mouth
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| p.r.n. | as needed
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| q.h. qh | every for hours
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| qid QID, qid | four times a day
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| R | respiration
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| - s | without
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| stat | immediately
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| T | temperature
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| tid, t.i.d. TID | three times a day
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| TPR | temperature, pulse and respiration
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| Tx | traction or treatment
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| URI | urinary tract infection
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| VS, vs | vital signs
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| wt | weight
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| x | multiplied by times
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