Pulmonolgy review 2
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| FEV1/FVC normal ratio? | 75-85%
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| SaO2 normal? | 97-100%
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| ABG values? -ph 7.35-7.45 -pO2 80-100 mmHg -pCO2 35-45 mmHg -HCO3 22-26 mEq | normal
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| REVERSIBLE obstruction of airflow due to bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation of airway? | asthma
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| Risk factors for exacerbation: #1 ATOPY, URI, exercise induced, GERD, drugs (ASA), weather changes? | asthma
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| Symptoms: wheeze, prolonged expiration, dyspnea, cough? | asthma
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| Asthma Severity Classifications? 12 or older Symptoms day <2/wk, night <2/month; FEV1 > 80% predicted | intermittent
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| Asthma Severity Classifications? 12 or older Symptoms day >2/wk but NOT daily, night >2/month; FEV1 > 80% predicted | mild persistent
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| Asthma Severity Classifications? 12 or older Daily symptoms, night > 1/month; FEV1 60-80% predicted | moderate persistent
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| Asthma Severity Classifications? 12 or older Cont. daily symptoms w/ limited activity, night frequent, FEV1 < 60% | severe persistent
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| Educate: Remove offending agent, daily peak flow meter? | asthma tx
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| Rescue: Inhaled Beta2 Agonist (albuterol/levoalbuterol)? | asthma tx
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| Maintenance: Inhaled Corticosteroids-rinse and spit after use? | asthma tx
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| Other Rescue: inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium), systemic corticosteroids? | asthma tx
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| Other maintenance: inhaled long acting Beta2 agonist (salmeterol), leukotriene modifiers (montelukast)? | asthma tx
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| -allergic Asthma (wheeze) -Seasonal Rhinites (hay fever) -Eczema ? | atopic triad
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| -asthma -aspirin sensitivity -nasal polyps ? | asthma triad
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| destruction of alveoli leading to dilated air spaces? | emphysema
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| productive cough for > 3 months and at least 2 consecutive years? | chronic bronchitis
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| #1 cause of COPD? | smoking
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| progressive dyspnea, chronic productive cough, pursed lip breathing, fatigue? | COPD
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| Exam: increased chest diameter, decreased breath sounds, prolonged expiration? | copd
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| CXR: hyperinflation, flat diaphragm? | copd
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| subpleural blebs and parenchymal bullae are pathognomonic? | copd
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| Hypercapnia, hypoxemia, decreased FEV1, polycythemia possibly? | copd
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| -Smoking cessation, pulmonary rehab -pneumococcal and influenza vaccines ? | copd tx
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| Oxygen = only therapy shown to alter course of disease in pts. w/ hypoxemia? | copd tx
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| Recue: short-acting inhaled beta2 agonist and anticholinergics? | copd tx
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| maintenance: inhaled long acting anticholinergics? | copd tx
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| +/- antibiotics due to risk of frequent infections? | copd tx
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| -chronic bronchitis -overweight -cyanotic -pursed lip breathing -productive cough / mild dyspnea -lung = ronchi/wheeze ? | copd blue bloater
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| -emphysema -thin -barrel chest -hyperventilation -pronounced dyspnea / minial cough -lungs = decreased breath sounds ? | copd pink puffer
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| destruction of bronchial walls leading to permanent dilation? | bronchiectasis
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| Causes: CF (50%), IgG deficiency, recurrent infections, tumor? | bronchiectasis
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| cough, purulent/malodorous sputum, hemoptysis, recurrent pneumonia? | bronchiectasis
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| CXR: honeycombing, atelectasis, basal systic spaces? | bronchiectasis
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| Treat underlying pathology, pulmonary rehab? | bronchiectasis tx
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| Multisystem disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas? | sardoidosis
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| Dyspnea, nonproductive cough, fever, malaise, erythema nodosum, enlarged nodes and speen? | sarcoidosis
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| labs = levated ESR, eosinophils, calcium, and ACE? | sarcoidosis
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| CXR: bilateral perihilar lymphadenopathy? | sarcoidosis
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| biopsy shows noncaseating granulomas? | sarcoidosis
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| Most common diagnosis in pts. w/ intersititial lung disease? | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
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| dyspnea, cough, clubbing, -- all progressive? | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
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| serial CXR -- progressive fibrosis? | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
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| TX: no effective treatment known. steroids to control symptoms? | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
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