Compilation of Patho Quizzes

Help

Question

Answers

The body's adaptation to restore or maintain normal function is called

Homeostasis

The best example of a cytoplasmic architecture found in a cells hyaloplasm is

Microfilaments

The definition of epidemiology is

The study of the cause and distribution of disease

The necrosis type associated with the pancrease is

Fat

The necrosis type associated wtih the kidney , liver & heart is

coagulative

Poor circulation that results in mummified appearing toes is called

dry gangrene

Nuclear manifestations of irreversible cell injury include

karyolysis and pyknosis

Mitochondrial swelling

reversible cell injury

Torch syndrome

Toxoplasma Other agents Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpesvirus

Diseases of a receptors

Myasthenia gravis

Hormone related cell number increase

Hyperplasia

Cell shrinkage that can be from old age or ischemia is best called

Atrophy

Vasculoar degeneration, acidic pH and decreased protein synthesis are sings of

Reversible cell injury

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause

Pernicious anemia

Environmental agents that permanently harm a developing fetus are called

teratogens

A male phenotype with all stature, atrophic testes, effeminate with possible gynecomastia best describes

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)

American President Abe Lincoln has been felt by some researchers to have been likely to have this autosomal dominant disease affecting collagen that results in increased risk of dissecting aortic aneurysms and ocular lens subluxation. what is this conditi

Marfan's disease

Which autosomal recssive condition is associated with increased risk of liver disease (cirrhosis) and emphysema

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT)

Typical of Turner Syndrome (XO)

Lack of ovary develometn (infertile); Increased risk of coarctation of the aorta

Which of the following conditions is considered multifactorial in etiology?

Diabetes mellitus

which word below best describes the process of maintaining internal steady state or balance wtihin a cell or living system?

Homeostasis

Patient type with greater amount of adipose tissue than normal

elderly; women; infants

The correct example below that is an insensible loss of fluids is

sweating

Transcellular fluids make up a very small % of extracellular fluids. Which of the following is an example of a transcellular fluid?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Exmaple of active hyperemia

blusing

Smallest manifestation of bleeding under the skin below is

Petechiae

Hormones or proteins involved in maintaining fluid balance include

ADH, Atrial naturetic peptide, aldosterone

melena

Tarry appearing digested blood in stool

What % of total body weight is water

60%

White infarction

arterial

Red infarction

venous (testes/gut)

Causes Caisson's disease and th ebends

Gaseous

Emboli type

White infarction - Arterial (heart/kidney) red infarction (venous - testes/gut) Causes Caisson's disease and Bends - Gaseous emboli (air in vein)

Arterial hemorrhage can be recognized from venous in that the arterial blood is

Bright red and flows in a pulsating manner

Histamine is released from mast cells when they are in a tissue or organ. What are mast cells called when they are circulating in the blood?

Basophils

Which arachidonic acid derivatives results from the lipoxygenasepathway, plus they ar eassociated with asthma and anaphylaxis?

Leukotrienes

Tuberculosis infections cause caseous granulomas. What type of granulomas are seen with Sarcoid (Sarcoidosis)

Non-Caseous granulomas

Inflammation

Elevated WBC count, body temperature, ESR

Cardinal Signa of Inflammation

Rubor, Swelling, Calor, Dolor, functio laesa

Band cells are also known as

Immature WBCs

Complement system, a key component of th ebody's inflammatory response, can be activated by a longer classical and a shorter alternative pathway. They both end up in a common mechanism - which pathway (endpoint)

Membrane Attack Complex

Immune System Body Sites

Primary - bone marrow, thymus; Secondary - Tonsils, Peyer's patches

Atrophic gastritis adn Crohn's disease are most typically associated with

B-12 deficiency

Imcrocytic hypochromic anemia with low hemosiderin stores in the bone marrow will respond favorably to treatment with

Iron

Nature Killer Cell

from Lymphoid stem cell

Arachadonic acid

precursor for cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways

Immunoglogulin found in mucosa and body secretions

IgA

Immunoglobulin makes th esecond and largest response

IgG

Immunoglobulin associated with allergy and hypersensitivity

IgE

Immunoglogulin mounting th eprimary/earliest response to invasion

IgM

What are circulating basophils called when they reside in tissues

Mast cells

Loss of Cd4 hel;er T-cells and increased opportunistic infectinos are best associated with

AIDS

treatment for severe idiopathic aplastic anemia

bone marrow transplant

who tends to have secondary polycythemia

professional mountain climber

Hematopoiesis

from flat bone and long bone

RBC life

120 days

Repairing tears in the endothelium of vessels

Platelets

Rapid RBC turnover

elevated reticuloycte count

What organism causes pseudomembrane formation in antibiotic induced colitis

C. difficile

Arterial emboli

Cerebral, kidney, spleen, intestines

Arterial emboli

white/pale infarction (heart/kidney)

Arterial emboli Red Infarction

venous-testes/gut

Thrombocytopenia

Low platelet count < 75K (Normal 150K - 300K)

Etiology

Acquired - infectino, bonemarrow suppression, hypersplenism

Drugs effect

heparin

ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura)

immune disorders

Spontaneous Bleeding

When platelet count drops below 20K

Thrombocythemia

High thrombocyte count > 600K

Thrombocythemia treatment

hydroxyuria

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Highest among children, 20% of all leukemia

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

Most common leukemia, 40% of total leukemia, bone marrow transplant the only treatment

Chronic Myelogenous (CML)

15%, affecting adults and increases with advancing age, 90% with Philadelphia chromosomes

CML Mortality

Poor prognoses without Philadelphia chromosomes present

Hodgkin's lymphoma

1. nodular sclerosis; 2. lymphcyte predominence; 3. mixed cellularity; 4. lymphocyte depletion

Hemostasis

Vasospasm; Platelet activation (locally released factors); Platelet adhesion (von Willebrand's factor); Platelet aggregation; fibrin thrombus formation

Inhibition of excessive clotting

circulating anticoagulants; protein C, Protein S, antithrombin III; Thrombomodulum released by endothelial cells

Fibrinolysis

TPA: tissue plasminogen factor; Urokinase

Hypocoagulability

coumadin; heparin

Vitamin K utilization by liver

inhibited by coumadin (warfarin)

Hypercoagulability Venous

Red clots: RBC/fibrin; Stasis; Inappropriate activation of clotting factors; surgery, malignancy, CHF, obesity, Ocs, estrogens, HPT, DM, polycythemia; pregnancy

Hemophilia

congenital bleeding disorder

hemophilia A

common disorder - 2/10,000; lacking factor VIII

von Willebrand's Factor

Most common genetric bleeding disorder

von Willebrand's Factor

1% of population

von Willebrand's Factor

autosomal dominant; affect both platelets and factor VIII

Virchow's triad

slow venous flow; hypercoagulability; inflammation of vessel wall

DVT

25% clinically evident edema/swelling discrepancy in limb size Homan's sign

40% DVT lead to

Pulmonary emboli

50% DVT lead to

postphlebitic syndrome

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy

Systemic disorder of thrombosis and hemorrhage with evidence of widespread pro-coagulant activity fibrinolytic activation inhibitor consumption and end organ damage from thrombosis

DIC treatment

blood, clotting factors, anticoagulation

DIC Mortality

60 - 80% of cases

DVT Treatment

Reduce risk factors prophylactic therapy anticoagulant therapy thrombolytic therapy greenfield filter

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpura

Mortality - 90% Rare 1/50,000 hospital patients

IgM

Primary response

IgG

Secondary response, placenta