The body's adaptation to restore or maintain normal function is called
Homeostasis
The best example of a cytoplasmic architecture found in a cells hyaloplasm is
Microfilaments
The definition of epidemiology is
The study of the cause and distribution of disease
The necrosis type associated with the pancrease is
Fat
The necrosis type associated wtih the kidney , liver & heart is
coagulative
Poor circulation that results in mummified appearing toes is called
dry gangrene
Nuclear manifestations of irreversible cell injury include
karyolysis and pyknosis
Mitochondrial swelling
reversible cell injury
Torch syndrome
Toxoplasma
Other agents
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpesvirus
Diseases of a receptors
Myasthenia gravis
Hormone related cell number increase
Hyperplasia
Cell shrinkage that can be from old age or ischemia is best called
Atrophy
Vasculoar degeneration, acidic pH and decreased protein synthesis are sings of
Reversible cell injury
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause
Pernicious anemia
Environmental agents that permanently harm a developing fetus are called
teratogens
A male phenotype with all stature, atrophic testes, effeminate with possible gynecomastia best describes
Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
American President Abe Lincoln has been felt by some researchers to have been likely to have this autosomal dominant disease affecting collagen that results in increased risk of dissecting aortic aneurysms and ocular lens subluxation. what is this conditi
Marfan's disease
Which autosomal recssive condition is associated with increased risk of liver disease (cirrhosis) and emphysema
alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT)
Typical of Turner Syndrome (XO)
Lack of ovary develometn (infertile); Increased risk of coarctation of the aorta
Which of the following conditions is considered multifactorial in etiology?
Diabetes mellitus
which word below best describes the process of maintaining internal steady state or balance wtihin a cell or living system?
Homeostasis
Patient type with greater amount of adipose tissue than normal
elderly; women; infants
The correct example below that is an insensible loss of fluids is
sweating
Transcellular fluids make up a very small % of extracellular fluids. Which of the following is an example of a transcellular fluid?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Exmaple of active hyperemia
blusing
Smallest manifestation of bleeding under the skin below is
Petechiae
Hormones or proteins involved in maintaining fluid balance include
ADH, Atrial naturetic peptide, aldosterone
melena
Tarry appearing digested blood in stool
What % of total body weight is water
60%
White infarction
arterial
Red infarction
venous (testes/gut)
Causes Caisson's disease and th ebends
Gaseous
Emboli type
White infarction - Arterial (heart/kidney)
red infarction (venous - testes/gut)
Causes Caisson's disease and Bends - Gaseous emboli (air in vein)
Arterial hemorrhage can be recognized from venous in that the arterial blood is
Bright red and flows in a pulsating manner
Histamine is released from mast cells when they are in a tissue or organ. What are mast cells called when they are circulating in the blood?
Basophils
Which arachidonic acid derivatives results from the lipoxygenasepathway, plus they ar eassociated with asthma and anaphylaxis?
Leukotrienes
Tuberculosis infections cause caseous granulomas. What type of granulomas are seen with Sarcoid (Sarcoidosis)
Non-Caseous granulomas
Inflammation
Elevated WBC count, body temperature, ESR
Cardinal Signa of Inflammation
Rubor, Swelling, Calor, Dolor, functio laesa
Band cells are also known as
Immature WBCs
Complement system, a key component of th ebody's inflammatory response, can be activated by a longer classical and a shorter alternative pathway. They both end up in a common mechanism - which pathway (endpoint)
Membrane Attack Complex
Immune System Body Sites
Primary - bone marrow, thymus; Secondary - Tonsils, Peyer's patches
Atrophic gastritis adn Crohn's disease are most typically associated with
B-12 deficiency
Imcrocytic hypochromic anemia with low hemosiderin stores in the bone marrow will respond favorably to treatment with
Iron
Nature Killer Cell
from Lymphoid stem cell
Arachadonic acid
precursor for cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways
Immunoglogulin found in mucosa and body secretions
IgA
Immunoglobulin makes th esecond and largest response
IgG
Immunoglobulin associated with allergy and hypersensitivity
IgE
Immunoglogulin mounting th eprimary/earliest response to invasion
IgM
What are circulating basophils called when they reside in tissues
Mast cells
Loss of Cd4 hel;er T-cells and increased opportunistic infectinos are best associated with
AIDS
treatment for severe idiopathic aplastic anemia
bone marrow transplant
who tends to have secondary polycythemia
professional mountain climber
Hematopoiesis
from flat bone and long bone
RBC life
120 days
Repairing tears in the endothelium of vessels
Platelets
Rapid RBC turnover
elevated reticuloycte count
What organism causes pseudomembrane formation in antibiotic induced colitis
circulating anticoagulants; protein C, Protein S, antithrombin III; Thrombomodulum released by endothelial cells
Fibrinolysis
TPA: tissue plasminogen factor; Urokinase
Hypocoagulability
coumadin; heparin
Vitamin K utilization by liver
inhibited by coumadin (warfarin)
Hypercoagulability Venous
Red clots: RBC/fibrin; Stasis; Inappropriate activation of clotting factors; surgery, malignancy, CHF, obesity, Ocs, estrogens, HPT, DM, polycythemia; pregnancy
Hemophilia
congenital bleeding disorder
hemophilia A
common disorder - 2/10,000; lacking factor VIII
von Willebrand's Factor
Most common genetric bleeding disorder
von Willebrand's Factor
1% of population
von Willebrand's Factor
autosomal dominant; affect both platelets and factor VIII
Virchow's triad
slow venous flow; hypercoagulability; inflammation of vessel wall
DVT
25% clinically evident
edema/swelling
discrepancy in limb size
Homan's sign
40% DVT lead to
Pulmonary emboli
50% DVT lead to
postphlebitic syndrome
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy
Systemic disorder of thrombosis and hemorrhage with evidence of widespread pro-coagulant activity
fibrinolytic activation
inhibitor consumption and end organ damage from thrombosis
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
