Meteorology Midterm
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| which direction do the winds of low pressure systems turn | counterclockwise and inward
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| Which direction do the wind of a high pressure system turn | clockwise and outward
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| do highs follow lows? | yes
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| Do lows follow hight? | yes
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| which direction do highs generally track | east and southeast
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| which direction do lows generally track | east and northeast
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| What is weather usually like on the left side (west and north) of a storm's track like? | relatively cold
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| What is weather usually like on the right side (east and south) of a storm's track like? | relatively warm
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| The warm, rainy side of a winter cyclone is usually to the_______of the storm track | east and south
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| A measure of the actual concentration of water vapor component of air compared to the concentration of water vapor at saturation: | relative humidity
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| Wind direction is always specified for the direction______the wind blows. (from which or towards which) | from which
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| The type of front that causes the wind to turn to the north and west | cold front
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| issued by the National Weather Service when hazardous weather is imminent or actually taking place. | warning
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| type of front where the winds blow parallel to the front but in opposite direction | stationary front
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| issued by the National Weather Service when conditions are favorable for development of severe weather | watch
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| A type of satellite image that is available both day and night: | infrared
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| The temperature to which air must be cooled at constant pressure for dew to form on relatively cold surfaces is called: | dewpoint
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| weather associated with a high pressure system | fair weather
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| weather associated with a low pressure system | storm weather
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| A front is a narrow zone of transition between air masses that differ in | temperature and/or humidity
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| The cold, snowy side of a winter cyclone is usually to the_______of the storm track | west and north
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| The intensity of the radar echo _______ with an increase in the rate of rainfall | increases
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| transition zone between air masses that differ in temperature and/or humidity | front
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| cold air pushes warm air away | cold front
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| air pushes cold air away | warm front
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| highest temp over a 24-hr period | max temperature
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| approximate representation of a real system | scientific model
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| A weather map is an example of a ______ model. | graphical model
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| The atmosphere of Mars is composed of mostly | carbon dioxide
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| Normally within the troposphere, air temperature_______with increasing altitude. | falls
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| The ________ is ideal for jet aircraft travel because it is above the weather and offers excellent visibility. | stratosphere
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| where are Most atmospheric aerosals produced | at Earth's surface
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| The transition zone between the stratosphere and the mesosphere is known as the | stratopause
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| Almost all weather occurs in the | troposphere
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| The altitude of the troposphere is greater at the_______ | equator
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| The altitude of the troposphere less at the ___________ | poles
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| radar, radiosonde and satellite are all examples of | remote sensing
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| A radiosonde monitors changes in________with increasing altitude | temperature, humidity and air pressure
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| The ionosphere is located primarily within the | thermosphere
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| The greatest concentration of ions occurs in that portion of the atmosphere known as the | ionosphere
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| When the sun is active, solar flares become more intense and Earth's auroral ovals | expand towards the equator
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| Purdue University's Tornado Vortex Chamber is an example of a______model | physical
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| A________is used to obtain sounding over the ocean. | dropwindsonde
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| lower level of the atomosphere where gasses are constant; mainly nitrogen and oxygen | homosphere
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| higher level of the atmosphere where heavier gasses are not as abundant | heterosphere
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| small instrument package equipped with a radio transmitter that is carried aloft by a helium balloon | radiosonde
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| a radiosonde traked from the ground by a direction-finding antenna to measure variations in horizontal wind directiona nd wind speed with altitute | rawinsonde
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| fraction or percent of radiation that is reflected | albedo
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| do light object have a high or low albedo | high
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| do dark objects have a high or low albedo | low
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| The planetary albedo of the Earth is what percentage | 31%
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| are clouds good or bad reflectors of solar radiation | good
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| The longest day of the year occurs in the Northern Hemisphere on | summer solstice
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| Which of the following surface types has the greatest reflectivity (albedo) for solar radiation: sand, snow or grass | snow because it has a lighter color
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| distance between successive wave crests. | wavelength
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| The Antarctic ozone hole develops during which season | spring
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| the dispersal of radiation in all directions-up,down,and sideways | scattering
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| In the Northern Hemisphere, earth is closest to the sun in which season | winter
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| Using IR emissions, low clouds appear what color | dark gray
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| Using IR emissions, high clouds appear what color | bright white
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| A gas that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions that converts ozone to oxygen is | chlorine
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| The average albedo percentage of fresh fallen snow is | 75%-95%
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| which gas is the principle greenhouse gas | water vapor
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| ______ takes place at the interface between two different media (such as air and cloud), when some of the radiation striking that interface is thrown back. | reflection
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| The blackbody radiation law that predicts the wavelength of the most intense radiation is known as the... | Wien's displacement law
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| when is day and night equal | auntum and spring equinox
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| when are day and night unequal | winter and summer solstice
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| A barometer can be used to predict the weather by | keeping track of air pressure
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| which temperature scale is still commonly used in the United States weather reports | farenheit
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| _______ of heat refers to the transfer of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules via collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules. | conduction
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| An increment of 1 Celsius degree corresponds precisely to an increment of | 1 kelvin
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| _______ air advection takes place when the wind blows across regional isotherms from warmer to colder area. | warm
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| All other factors being equal, cloudiness tends to______nightime temperatures | slow the rate of fall
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| the total kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules composing a substance | heat
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| a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual atoms and molecules composing a substance | temperature
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| the transport of heat within a fluid via motions of the fluid itself. | convection
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| This afternoon's high temperature was 55 F and this morning's low temperature was 33 F. The mean daily temperature was______F. | 44
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| The windchill equivalent temperature (WET) is the same as the actual air temperature when the wind speed is | nearly calm
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| The Bowen Ratio is greater over a_____surface (dry or moist) | dry
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| The Bowen Ratio is less over a_____surface | moist
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| The seasonal temperature contrast in maritime climates is_________the seasonal temperature contrast in continental climates. | less than
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| Excess heat in tropical latitudes is transported to middle and high latitudes primarily by | exchange of air masses
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| An air mass is a large volume of air that is relatively uniform horizontally in | temperature and humidity
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| All other factors being equal, this afternoon's air temperature will be highest if the ground is | dry and not vegetated
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| Air mass advection occurs when winds blow______regional isotherms. | across
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| _____ air advection occurs when the wind blows across regional isotherms from a colder area to a warmer area. | cold
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| Air temperature is governed by | Radiation balance plus air mass advection
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| When a warm and humid air mass replaces a cold and humid air mass at a particular locality, the air pressure at the Earth's surface usually | falls
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| As a mass of artic air invades our locality, air temperature______and air density______. | falls.....increases
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| The magnitude of pressure exerted by gas molecules composing air depends on | the mass of the air molecules, the pull of gravity and the kinetic energy of air molecules
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| The type of barometer that is used to measure altitude: | aneroid
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| Warm and dry air is______cold and dry air | less dense than
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| With the same volumes, a cold and dry air mass exerts______surface air pressure than a warm and humid air mass. | higher
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| Relatively high surface air pressure is usually associated with______weather whereas relatively low surface air pressure is usually associated with_______weather | fair...stormy
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| With warm air advection in the winter, the air pressure tendency is usually | downward
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| atmospheric variables include | temperature, pressure, density
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| When air pressure readings at Denver are adjusted to sea level, air pressure readings are | increased
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| With cold air advection in the winter, the air pressure tendency is usually | upward
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| Within the atmosphere air pressure always ___________ with altitude (decreases or increases) | decreases
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| The pressure of the atmosphere is greatest | at the surface
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| The standard atmosphere | is a model of the real atmosphere, features a mean sea-level air pressure of 1013.25 mb, may be useful in reducing barometer readings at sea level
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| According to the gas law , air pressure is directly proportional to | air temperature and air density
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| Adjusting barometer readings to sea-level removes the influence of______on air pressure | station elevation
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| Usually, the air pressure inside a building is_____the air pressure outside the building | about the same
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| On a clear and calm day, the relative humidity usually______between sunrise and early afternoon. | falls
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| temperature profile in which air temperaturer does not change with altitude: | isothermal
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| Clouds are more likely to develop of a radiosonde sounding indicates______air. | unstable
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| A snow cover tends to_______the overlying air | stabalize
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| A relatively warm surface tends to______the overlying air | destabalize
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| Stable air tends to_______convection | suppress
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| Cumulus clouds may build into thunderstorms clouds when the air temperature profile indicates______conditions | unstable
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| Unstable air_______vertical motion of air parcels | enhances
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| Stable air______vertical motion of air parcels | suppresses
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| The saturation vapor pressure increases with_____air temperature | rising
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| If saturation is reached at an air temperature above the freezing point, water vapor may condense on an object as tiny droplets of water known as | dew
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| Horizontal lines on a Stuve diagram are | isobars
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| The temperature to which air must be cooled, at constant pressure, to reach saturation (relative to liquid water) is called | dewpoint
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| The saturation mixing ratio increases with______air temperature | rising
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| A rain shadow is situated on the_______slopes of a high mountain barrier. | leeward
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| On the continents, annual precipitation_______annual evapotranspiration | is greater than
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| Air mass advection_____change the relative humidity | can
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| A temperature inversion is characterized by an_____of air temperature with altitude. | increase
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| ________ compares the actual concentration of water vapor in the air with the concentration of water vapor in that same air at saturation. | relative humidity
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| _________ is simply the pressure contributed by water vapor alone and is directly proportional to the concentration of water vapor in the air | vapor pressure
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