chapter 4 vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| core | Earth's center,where pressures and temperatures are very high.
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| mantle | The section of Earth's interior that lies above the outer core and has the most mass.
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| magma | Liquid rock within Earth.
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| plate tectonics | The theory that Earth's crust is divided into rigid plates that slowly move across the upper mantle.
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| continental drift | The process of which Earth's plates slowly move across the upper layer.
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| rift valleys | Places on Earth's surface where the crust stretches until it breaks.
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| abyssal plains | Areas of the ocean floor where rocks gradually sink because they have no supporting heat below them; the world's flattest and smoothest regions.
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| continental shelves | Areas where continental surfaces extend under the shallow ocean water around the continents.
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| trench | A deep valley marking a collision of plates, where one plate slides under another.
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| folds | Places where rocks have been compressed into bends by colliding plates.
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| faults | Places where rock masses have been broken apart and are moving away from each other.
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| weathering | The process of rocks break and decay over time.
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| sediment | Small particles of weathered rocks.
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| erosion | Movement of surface materials from one location to another by water, wind, or ice.
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| glaciers | Thick masses of ice, including great ice sheets and bodies of ice thst flow down mountains like slow rivers.
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| plateau | A elevated flatland that rises sharply above nearly land on at least one side.
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| alluvial fan | Fan-shaped deposit of mud and gravel often found along the bases of mountains.
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| delta | Accumulation of sediments at the mouth of a river.
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| desalinization | To remove salts and other chemicals from seawater or soil.
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| hydrologic cycle | The continuous process by which water is circulated throughout the Earth and its atmosphere.
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| headwaters | The water from which a river rises; a source. Often used in the plural
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| tributary | A stream that flows into a larger stream or other body of water.
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| watershed | A ridge of high land dividing two areas that are drained by different river systems
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| drainage basin | An area drained by a river system. A drainage basin includes all areas that gather precipitation water and direct it to a particular stream, stream system, lake, or other body of standing water.
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| estuaries | the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream
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| wetlands | land consisting of marshes or swamps; saturated land
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| groundwater | water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock.
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| water table | the level below which the ground is saturated with water.
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| humus | soft, sticky matter resulting from the mixing of earth and water
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| leaching | To remove soluble or other constituents from by the action of a percolating liquid.
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| contour plowing | plowing along the contours of the land in order to minimize soil erosion.
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| soil exhaustion |
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| crop rotation |
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| irrigation |
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| soil salinization |
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| deforestation |
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| reforestation |
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| acid rain |
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| aqueducts |
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| aquifers |
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| fossil water |
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| ore |
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| fossil fules |
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| petrochemicals |
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| hydroelectric power |
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| geothermal energy |
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