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chapter 4 vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| core | Earth's center,where pressures and temperatures are very high. |
| mantle | The section of Earth's interior that lies above the outer core and has the most mass. |
| magma | Liquid rock within Earth. |
| plate tectonics | The theory that Earth's crust is divided into rigid plates that slowly move across the upper mantle. |
| continental drift | The process of which Earth's plates slowly move across the upper layer. |
| rift valleys | Places on Earth's surface where the crust stretches until it breaks. |
| abyssal plains | Areas of the ocean floor where rocks gradually sink because they have no supporting heat below them; the world's flattest and smoothest regions. |
| continental shelves | Areas where continental surfaces extend under the shallow ocean water around the continents. |
| trench | A deep valley marking a collision of plates, where one plate slides under another. |
| folds | Places where rocks have been compressed into bends by colliding plates. |
| faults | Places where rock masses have been broken apart and are moving away from each other. |
| weathering | The process of rocks break and decay over time. |
| sediment | Small particles of weathered rocks. |
| erosion | Movement of surface materials from one location to another by water, wind, or ice. |
| glaciers | Thick masses of ice, including great ice sheets and bodies of ice thst flow down mountains like slow rivers. |
| plateau | A elevated flatland that rises sharply above nearly land on at least one side. |
| alluvial fan | Fan-shaped deposit of mud and gravel often found along the bases of mountains. |
| delta | Accumulation of sediments at the mouth of a river. |
| desalinization | To remove salts and other chemicals from seawater or soil. |
| hydrologic cycle | The continuous process by which water is circulated throughout the Earth and its atmosphere. |
| headwaters | The water from which a river rises; a source. Often used in the plural |
| tributary | A stream that flows into a larger stream or other body of water. |
| watershed | A ridge of high land dividing two areas that are drained by different river systems |
| drainage basin | An area drained by a river system. A drainage basin includes all areas that gather precipitation water and direct it to a particular stream, stream system, lake, or other body of standing water. |
| estuaries | the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream |
| wetlands | land consisting of marshes or swamps; saturated land |
| groundwater | water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock. |
| water table | the level below which the ground is saturated with water. |
| humus | soft, sticky matter resulting from the mixing of earth and water |
| leaching | To remove soluble or other constituents from by the action of a percolating liquid. |
| contour plowing | plowing along the contours of the land in order to minimize soil erosion. |
| soil exhaustion | |
| crop rotation | |
| irrigation | |
| soil salinization | |
| deforestation | |
| reforestation | |
| acid rain | |
| aqueducts | |
| aquifers | |
| fossil water | |
| ore | |
| fossil fules | |
| petrochemicals | |
| hydroelectric power | |
| geothermal energy |
Created by:
quindoughty
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