Enviro. 7
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Human Population Growth - driving factors | Changes in population size
Fertility
Life expectancy
Age structure
Migration
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| Crude birth rate | the number of births per 1000 individuals per year.
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| Crude Death Rate | the number of deaths per 1000 individuals per year.
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| Global population growth rate | [CBR – CDR] ÷ 10 = percent growth rate
[20 – 8 ] ÷ 10 = 1.2%
---> So, what is the population growth rate for a nation?
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| Doubling time | the number of years it takes a population to double. The rule of 70 may be used to approximately calculate the doubling time in years.
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| Total fertility rate | an estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear.
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| Replacement level fertility | the total fertility rate required to offset the average number of deaths in a population and for the current population size to remain stable.
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| Developed countries | countries with relatively high levels of industrialization and income. TFR is typically 2.1.
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| Life expectancy | the average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate of that country.
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| Net migration rate | the difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1000 people in a country. This difference, divided by 10, is the percent net migration rate. It may be positive (net immigration) or negative (net emigration).
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| Demographic transition | suggests that as a country moves from a subsistence economy to industrialization and increased affluence, it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth.
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| Phase one of demographic transition | Slow population growth because there are high birth rates and high death rates that offset each other.
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| Phase two of demographic transition | Rapid population growth because birth rates remain high but death rates decline due to better sanitation, clean drinking water, increased access to food and goods, and access to health care.
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| Phase three of demographic transition | Stable population growth as the economy and educational system improve and people have fewer children.
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| Phase four of demographic transition | Declining population growth because the relatively high level of affluence and economic development encourage women to delay having children.
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| Urban populations | have grown, and while they represent one-half of the world’s population, they consume three-fourths of the resources.
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| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | the value of all products and services produced in a year in that country.
GDP is made up of consumer spending, investments, government spending, and exports minus imports.
A countries GDP often correlates with its pollution levels.
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| IPAT Equation | To estimate the impact of human lifestyles on Earth we can use the IPAT equation:
Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology
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