Musculoskeletal Vocab
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acetabulum | Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis, which joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.
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acromion | Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.
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articular cartilage | Thin layer of cartilage surrounding the bone in the joint space.
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bone | Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. Examples are long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella).
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calcium | One of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.
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cancellous bone | Spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone.
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cartilaginous tissue | Flexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces.
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collagen | Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.
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compact bone | Hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones.
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condyle | Knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint.
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cranial bones | Skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal.
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diaphysis | Shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone.
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disk (disc) | Flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae.
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epiphyseal plate | cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton.
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epiphysis | each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate
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facial bones | bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic.
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fissure | narrow, silt-like opening in or between bones.
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fontanelle | soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant.
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foramen | opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. the forearm magnum is the opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
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fossa | shallow cavity in a bone.
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haversian canals | minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.
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malleolus | round process on both sides of the ankle joint. the lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia.
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manubrium | upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle.
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mastoid process | round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.
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medullary cavity | central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone.
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metaphysis | flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate ( in this term, meta-means between.)
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olecranon | large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow.
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osseous tissue | bone tissue
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ossification | process of bone formation
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osteoblast | bone cell that helps form bony tissue.
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osteoclast | bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue
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periosteum | membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.
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phosphorus | mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium.
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pubic symphysis | area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. they are joined (sym-means together, -physis means to grow) bby a fibrocartilaginous disk.
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red bone marrow | found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis.
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ribs | twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall. True ribs are the first 7 pairs, false ribs are pairs 8 to 10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12.
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sella turcica | depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.
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sinus | hollow air cavity within a bone.
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styloid process | pole like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull.
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suture | joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium).
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